I'm wondering if perhaps I need to manually open up ports 22 and 443 inside the jail?
No. By default all ports are open. There is no firewall in TrueNAS. You need to manually do unsupported FreeBSD things to configure one.
Do a
netstat -na
without the filter for LISTEN and check if the controller is bound to the UDP port, too. Should be 8443 UDP I guess because the forum post you found refers to their cloud solution. Which seems to be reachable at 80 and 443 instead of 8080 and 8443.
Can you configure the controller to use 80 and 443 via builtin settings?
For ssh - you need to enable and start that. Why should there be ssh running in a fresh blank jail? So not related.
Code:
sysrc sshd_enable=YES
service sshd start
To enable login as root edit the file
/etc/sshd/sshd_config
before you do the above. Look for the
PermitRootLogin
line, remove the comment in the first column and change No to Yes. And set a root password for the jail, of course.
To get to a shell in the jail before ssh is available you can use
iocage console <jailname>
in a root shell on your NAS.