Is it possible to salvage two failing drives?

[David Simpson]

I just made my first upgrade to my Freenas Mini since buying it, adding a 10Gb SFP twin Nic and have been pleasantly surprised with the speed boost in transfers. Unfortunately I just realized that I'm having issues with 2 drives (1 degraded, 1 faulted), I bought the original WD Reds in Summer 2015 so I feel pretty lucky they lasted over 7 years without a hiccup.

All 4 of my drive bays are full, is it possible to rotate drives one by one recovering what is possible? Plex is still running and no issues trying to load a movie yet but I'm guessing it is only a matter of time.

Current Drives:
4 x Western Digital 4TB WD Red Plus NAS Internal Hard Drive HDD - 5400 RPM, SATA 6 Gb/s, CMR, 64 MB Cache, 3.5" - WD40EFRX

Proposed Replacement Drives:
4 x Western Digital 12TB WD Red Pro NAS Internal Hard Drive HDD - 7200 RPM, SATA 6 Gb/s, CMR, 256 MB Cache, 3.5" - WD121KFBX

 

[HoneyBadger]

The first priority should be replacing the "Faulted" ada3 device.

Your pool is a RAIDZ1, so you're already in a somewhat perilous situation as your pool doesn't have redundancy, and 23 errors have been logged by the scrub which could mean some files are already damaged.

You can of course replace drives one by one, but unfortunately with no redundancy, any failed reads will result in additional corruption. You could attempt to copy everything to an external drive first, but in either case you'll be at the mercy of ada0 returning the correct data.

 

[joeschmuck]

Post the output in code brackets [ code ] text [ /code ] for the requested data:
smartctl -a /dev/ada0
smartctl -a /dev/ada3

Question: Did the problems start after you upgraded your hardware? Here is what I'm looking for - Are you having UDMA CRC Errors on these two drives or are the drives showing other failing indications. If this is UDMA CRC Errors, you should shutdown the system, open it back up and unplug then replug the SATA cables on both ends of the SATA cables for these two drives. If there is an HBA card involved, unplug that and reseat it as well, but do that first of course. If there are not UDMA CRC Errors then it's not the cables but we can see what the drives are reporting and at least clearly identify the drives as the root cause.

I question both drives failing at the same time and having the same number of errors on them.

 

[David Simpson]

Post the output in code brackets [ code ] text [ /code ] for the requested data:
smartctl -a /dev/ada0
smartctl -a /dev/ada3

Question: Did the problems start after you upgraded your hardware? Here is what I'm looking for - Are you having UDMA CRC Errors on these two drives or are the drives showing other failing indications. If this is UDMA CRC Errors, you should shutdown the system, open it back up and unplug then replug the SATA cables on both ends of the SATA cables for these two drives. If there is an HBA card involved, unplug that and reseat it as well, but do that first of course. If there are not UDMA CRC Errors then it's not the cables but we can see what the drives are reporting and at least clearly identify the drives as the root cause.

I question both drives failing at the same time and having the same number of errors on them.

I don't think the two are related, I added the 10Gb a few months ago and this just happened this week. Sorry for that confusion!

Two days ago ada0 was the only disk reporting being degraded, today ada3 is now saying faulted. Both having 73 errors is suspect, is there any way to test that further? I powered down and reseated everything but still reporting back the same

 

[Davvo]

Do not use 7200 RPM drives in the Mini Case: it has been shown that temperatures are an issue with those kind of drives. Stick with 5400/5900 ones.

 

[joeschmuck]

is there any way to test that further?

Provide the data requested for the hard drives and we will see what might be the problem. Please do not cut off any of the data, that makes it incomplete.

 

[David Simpson]

Post the output in code brackets [ code ] text [ /code ] for the requested data:
smartctl -a /dev/ada0
smartctl -a /dev/ada3

Question: Did the problems start after you upgraded your hardware? Here is what I'm looking for - Are you having UDMA CRC Errors on these two drives or are the drives showing other failing indications. If this is UDMA CRC Errors, you should shutdown the system, open it back up and unplug then replug the SATA cables on both ends of the SATA cables for these two drives. If there is an HBA card involved, unplug that and reseat it as well, but do that first of course. If there are not UDMA CRC Errors then it's not the cables but we can see what the drives are reporting and at least clearly identify the drives as the root cause.

I question both drives failing at the same time and having the same number of errors on them.

ADA 0

Code:

are the TrueNAS WebUI and API exclusively. ALL OTHERS ARE
NOT SUPPORTED AND WILL RESULT IN UNDEFINED BEHAVIOR AND MAY
RESULT IN SYSTEM FAILURE.

root@freenas:~ # smartctl -a /dev/ada0
smartctl 7.2 2021-09-14 r5236 [FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p1 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Red
Device Model:     WDC WD40EFRX-68WT0N0
Serial Number:    WD-WCC4E6ZA6AH0
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 2b72cc106
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity:    4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Fri Nov 25 10:01:30 2022 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (52080) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 521) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       940
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   181   176   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       7933
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       47
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   023   023   000    Old_age   Always       -       56693
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       47
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       23
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       1608
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   127   109   000    Old_age   Always       -       25
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       10
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 15 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
        CR = Command Register [HEX]
        FR = Features Register [HEX]
        SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
        SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
        CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
        CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
        DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
        DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
        ER = Error register [HEX]
        ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 15 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 56652 hours (2360 days + 12 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 58 50 5f b1 45  Error: UNC 88 sectors at LBA = 0x05b15f50 = 95510352

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:32:10.449  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:32:06.786  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:32:03.123  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:59.460  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:55.777  READ DMA

Error 14 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 56652 hours (2360 days + 12 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 58 50 5f b1 45  Error: UNC 88 sectors at LBA = 0x05b15f50 = 95510352

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:32:06.786  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:32:03.123  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:59.460  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:55.777  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:52.489  READ DMA

Error 13 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 56652 hours (2360 days + 12 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 58 50 5f b1 45  Error: UNC 88 sectors at LBA = 0x05b15f50 = 95510352

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:32:03.123  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:59.460  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:55.777  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:52.489  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:49.215  READ DMA

Error 12 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 56652 hours (2360 days + 12 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 58 50 5f b1 45  Error: UNC 88 sectors at LBA = 0x05b15f50 = 95510352

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:59.460  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:55.777  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:52.489  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:49.215  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:45.940  READ DMA

Error 11 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 56652 hours (2360 days + 12 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 58 50 5f b1 45  Error: UNC 88 sectors at LBA = 0x05b15f50 = 95510352

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  c8 00 58 10 5f b1 45 08      03:31:55.777  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:52.489  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:49.215  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:45.940  READ DMA
  c8 00 58 b8 5e b1 45 08      03:31:42.666  READ DMA

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26437         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26389         -
# 3  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     26375         -
# 4  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26341         -
# 5  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26293         -
# 6  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26245         -
# 7  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26197         -
# 8  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26149         -
# 9  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26101         -
#10  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26053         -
#11  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     26040         -
#12  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     26005         -
#13  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25957         -
#14  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25908         -
#15  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25860         -
#16  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25836         -
#17  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25789         -
#18  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25741         -
#19  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25693         -
#20  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25645         -
#21  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     25631         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing

ADA3

Code:

#11  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6287         -
root@freenas:~ # smartctl -a /dev/ada3
smartctl 7.2 2021-09-14 r5236 [FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p1 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Red
Device Model:     WDC WD40EFRX-68WT0N0
Serial Number:    WD-WCC4E1KN5390
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 261d71460
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity:    4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Fri Nov 25 10:03:14 2022 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (53520) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 535) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       2489
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   176   171   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       8166
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       47
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   023   023   000    Old_age   Always       -       56691
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       47
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       23
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       1975
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   126   109   000    Old_age   Always       -       26
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     56691         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6647         -
# 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6599         -
# 4  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6551         -
# 5  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6503         -
# 6  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      6490         -
# 7  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6455         -
# 8  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6407         -
# 9  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6359         -
#10  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6311         -
#11  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6287         -
#12  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6239         -
#13  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6191         -
#14  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6143         -
#15  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6095         -
#16  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      6082         -
#17  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6047         -
#18  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      5999         -
#19  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      5951         -
#20  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      5903         -
#21  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      5855         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing

 

[David Simpson]

ADA3 is no longer showing as faulted, now it says healthy

 

[David Simpson]

So if I buy 4 new drives, and replace 1 at a time will it reconstitute any undamaged date automagically to the new drives?

 

[joeschmuck]

So lets face it, you have not been running SMART Short or Long Tests which is likely why you haven't seen this problem coming up on you. Run a SMART long test on every drive you have, see what the fallout is.

I highly recommend that you setup to run a SMART Short test nightly and a SMART Long test weekly, or at a minimum the Long test monthly. You can stager the drives or do them all at once, that is your decision to make.

So if I buy 4 new drives, and replace 1 at a time will it reconstitute any undamaged date automagically to the new drives?

Yes, it would resilver the data.

I would recommend that you run a scrub beforehand so you know the damage up front. Hopefully your pool is Healthy again before you replace any drives.