Not to bump my own thread again, but I finally just finished replacing the PSU, man did I have everything run super tightly haha.
Completely forgot that in addition to the splitters, I had one SATA power extender, which basically added 4 more sata power connectors to the end of a 4 sata power cable... I had to remove some of the cables to see all the labels on my SSD's, but I'm fairly certain all of my currently AND past failed disks were connected to that particular cable in one way or another..
I now have 5 separate non-splitter, non-extended, SATA power cables connecting all of my drives, and on boot... I have no errors. 0 on every drive.
I'm going to let this burn in for a while on my workbench to make sure its good, which I'll report back on, but either way, big thanks to everyone who helped me up til now and gave me things to try and to think on. I've learned more about PSU's and PC power in the last couple days than years of DIY building!
EDIT: I suppose I am going to call this solved, got my nas back in place and still 0 errors on all drives, thanks again all!