SOLVED A few SSDs don't show up with full capacity

Antoshka · Feb 2, 2023

Hello folks,
A few weeks ago I bought 8 Micron SSDs: 4 Micron 5200 Max 960Gb, and 4 Micron 5200 ECO 1.92Tb. All of them come from 3 different sellers. Two of these drives (from one seller) have weird behavior:
1. One disk shows up as a 1.6Tb drive instead of 1.92Tb. I suppose it can have some Over Provisioning or Flex Capacity Micron feature enabled.
2. Another drive shows up as 4Gb instead of 1.92Tb. I don't know what it can be.
What I did:
- I connected drives in Windows and TrueNAS, no difference;
- I tried to format them, but Windows format didn't help, and TrueNAS sg_format gave me an error;
- Successfully updated firmware to the latest.
Here are the details:
1. SMART output
4Gb Drive:

Code:

root@NAS[~]# smartctl -a /dev/da14
smartctl 7.2 2021-09-14 r5236 [FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p2 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Micron 5100 Pro / 52x0 / 5300 SSDs
Device Model:     Micron_5200_MTFDDAK1T9TDC
Serial Number:    203229B1A404
LU WWN Device Id: 5 00a075 129b1a404
Firmware Version: D1MU030
User Capacity:    4,827,996,160 bytes [4.82 GB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
TRIM Command:     Available, deterministic, zeroed
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Feb  2 22:40:41 2023 PST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                ( 6697) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  14) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   3) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x0035) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0032   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       21
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       10
170 Reserved_Block_Pct      0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
171 Program_Fail_Count      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
172 Erase_Fail_Count        0x0032   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       0
173 Avg_Block-Erase_Count   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
174 Unexpect_Power_Loss_Ct  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
183 SATA_Int_Downshift_Ct   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       3
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   066   066   000    Old_age   Always       -       34 (Min/Max 19/34)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
202 Percent_Lifetime_Remain 0x0030   100   100   001    Old_age   Offline      -       0
206 Write_Error_Rate        0x000e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
246 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       131277
247 Host_Program_Page_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4106
248 Bckgnd_Program_Page_Cnt 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       511995
180 Unused_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0033   000   000   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       6718
210 RAIN_Success_Recovered  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
211 Integ_Scan_Complete_Cnt 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       6
212 Integ_Scan_Folding_Cnt  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

1.6Tb Drive:

Code:

root@NAS[~]# smartctl -a /dev/da1
smartctl 7.2 2021-09-14 r5236 [FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p2 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Micron 5100 Pro / 52x0 / 5300 SSDs
Device Model:     Micron_5200_MTFDDAK1T9TDC
Serial Number:    202629AA583B
LU WWN Device Id: 5 00a075 129aa583b
Firmware Version: D1MU030
User Capacity:    1,600,321,314,816 bytes [1.60 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
TRIM Command:     Available, deterministic, zeroed
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Feb  2 22:46:19 2023 PST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                ( 6697) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  14) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   3) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x0035) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0032   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       22
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       180
170 Reserved_Block_Pct      0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
171 Program_Fail_Count      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
172 Erase_Fail_Count        0x0032   100   100   001    Old_age   Always       -       0
173 Avg_Block-Erase_Count   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
174 Unexpect_Power_Loss_Ct  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       173
183 SATA_Int_Downshift_Ct   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       8
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   065   058   000    Old_age   Always       -       35 (Min/Max 17/42)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
202 Percent_Lifetime_Remain 0x0030   100   100   001    Old_age   Offline      -       0
206 Write_Error_Rate        0x000e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
246 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       62914712
247 Host_Program_Page_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1979497
248 Bckgnd_Program_Page_Cnt 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       361556
180 Unused_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0033   000   000   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       6718
210 RAIN_Success_Recovered  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
211 Integ_Scan_Complete_Cnt 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       22
212 Integ_Scan_Folding_Cnt  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%        21         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.

2. sg_format

Code:

root@NAS[~]# sg_format --format --size=512 /dev/da14 -v --six
    ATA       Micron_5200_MTFD  U030   peripheral_type: disk [0x0]
      PROTECT=0
      Unit serial number:         203229B1A404
      LU name: 500a075129b1a404
    mode sense(6) cdb: [1a 00 01 00 fc 00]
Mode Sense (block descriptor) data, prior to changes:
  Number of blocks=9429680 [0x8fe2b0]
  Block size=512 [0x200]

A FORMAT UNIT will commence in 15 seconds
    ALL data on /dev/da14 will be DESTROYED
        Press control-C to abort

A FORMAT UNIT will commence in 10 seconds
    ALL data on /dev/da14 will be DESTROYED
        Press control-C to abort

A FORMAT UNIT will commence in 5 seconds
    ALL data on /dev/da14 will be DESTROYED
        Press control-C to abort
    Format unit cdb: [04 18 00 00 00 00]
Format unit:
Fixed format, current; Sense key: Illegal Request
Additional sense: Invalid field in cdb
Format unit command: Illegal request, type: sense key, apart from Invalid opcode
FORMAT UNIT failed

Any thoughts on what it can be and how to fix it?
Thanks in advance!

Patrick M. Hausen · Feb 3, 2023

You wrote you have a Windows system available and can connect the SSDs. I guess just like Samsung and Crucial do, Micron also provides some proprietary "SSD Wizard" tool for Windows.

I would try that to check how it identifies the drives and if possibly you have been given counterfeit products.

Arwen · Feb 3, 2023

Linux has a program called hdparm that can reduce the overall size of a SSD to over provision it. Here is an example from one of my SATA SSDs;

Code:

# hdparm -N /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:
 max sectors   = 1953525168/1953525168, HPA is disabled

Here is the relevant man page excerpt for this function;

Code:

 -N     Get/set  max  visible  number of sectors, also known as the Host Protected Area setting.  Without a
        parameter, -N displays the current setting, which is reported as two values: the  first  gives  the
        current  max  sectors  setting, and the second shows the native (real) hardware limit for the disk.

One word of caution, it is possible that the seller did not do this "over provisioning". Or that it is simple innocent "over provisioning". On the more paranoid hand, it could be to hide a significant amount of bad blocks. Though, based on the SMART output that does not seem to be the case.

Antoshka · Feb 3, 2023

Hi @Patrick M. Hausen,
I don't think it's counterfeit products. I used the official Micron Storage Executive app to update the firmware in all drives. This app detects Micron products and provides matching firmware from the official channel (no manual file loading). The firmware update was successful. The product looks legit. Also, physical warranty labels are in place. I bought 3 drives from this seller, and one of them is fine. Seller doesn't respond me on ebay.

Antoshka · Feb 3, 2023

Hi @Arwen,
Thanks, I can set up Linux VM and passthrough HBA with drives, but do you know by any chance FreeBSD/TrueNAS Core alternatives?
Thanks

Antoshka · Feb 3, 2023

Yay, it's solved, the seller helped me with a solution:
these two drives showed lower capacity due to Micron Flex Capacity settings. In my screenshot from 1st post, you can see this menu. I tried to see/adjust it when I connected drives to Windows, but the menu was unavailable. And it was unavailable because I connected drives through SATA extensions.
To change Micron Flex Capacity settings, I created Linux VM, passed HBA through with all disks, installed the Micron Storage Executive there, and finally changed Flex Capacity settings.
I hope this thread will be helpful if anyone has the same problem.

Arwen · Feb 4, 2023

Great, glad it is solved. Enjoy your SSD drives.

Important Announcement for the TrueNAS Community.

SOLVED A few SSDs don't show up with full capacity

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Important Announcement for the TrueNAS Community.

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