How to find out problem of faulted HDD

flashi99 · Jul 1, 2014

Hello,

I set up a FreeNAS setup at the beginning of the year and now have the first problem and hope you guys can help me solve this. Today I got the error message that my volume01 faulted.

Here is the output of the zpool status:

Code:

        FreeNAS (c) 2009-2014, The FreeNAS Development Team
        All rights reserved.
        FreeNAS is released under the modified BSD license.
 
        For more information, documentation, help or support, go here:
        http://freenas.org
Welcome to FreeNAS
[root@ino] ~# zpool status -v
  pool: vol01
state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices are faulted in response to persistent errors.
        Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue functioning in a
        degraded state.
action: Replace the faulted device, or use 'zpool clear' to mark the device
        repaired.
  scan: scrub repaired 0 in 14h31m with 0 errors on Sun May 25 14:31:29 2014
config:
 
        NAME                                            STATE    READ WRITE CKS                                                                                                                                                            UM
        vol01                                          DEGRADED    0    0                                                                                                                                                                  0
          raidz2-0                                      DEGRADED    0    0                                                                                                                                                                  0
            gptid/8a6b9a5c-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c  FAULTED      6  179                                                                                                                                                                  0  too many errors
            gptid/8b4f8f0c-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c  ONLINE      0    0                                                                                                                                                                  0
            gptid/8bd7cda2-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c  ONLINE      0    0                                                                                                                                                                  0
            gptid/8cbf9147-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c  ONLINE      0    0                                                                                                                                                                  0
            gptid/8d41d026-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c  ONLINE      0    0                                                                                                                                                                  0
            gptid/8dc9e580-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c  ONLINE      0    0                                                                                                                                                                  0
 
errors: No known data errors

I also got an output of the smartd paramter:

Code:

[root@ino] ~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/da1
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
 
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      1851        -
# 2  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      1109        -
# 3  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      438        -
 
[root@ino] ~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/da2
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
 
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      1851        -
# 2  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      1109        -
# 3  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      438        -
 
[root@ino] ~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/da3
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
 
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline      Completed without error      00%    10366        -
# 2  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      9623        -
# 3  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      8953        -
# 4  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      510        -
# 5  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      510        -
# 6  Short offline      Completed without error      00%        0        -
 
[root@ino] ~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/da4
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
 
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      1851        -
# 2  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      1109        -
# 3  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      438        -
 
[root@ino] ~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/da5
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
 
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline      Completed without error      00%    10366        -
# 2  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      9623        -
# 3  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      8953        -
# 4  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      510        -
# 5  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      510        -
# 6  Short offline      Completed without error      00%        0        -
 
[root@ino] ~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/da6
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
 
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline      Completed without error      00%    10366        -
# 2  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      9623        -
# 3  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      8953        -
# 4  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      510        -
# 5  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      510        -
# 6  Short offline      Completed without error      00%        0        -

How can I find out what exactly the problem is?

Thanks in advance
flashi99

Ericloewe · Jul 1, 2014

Run SMART long tests on all drives and post their SMART info, please.

Also, your hardware and FreeNAS version may help and it's considered good manners to always post them when dealing with these kinds of issues.

flashi99 · Jul 1, 2014

Hello,

thanks for the advice, here are my specs:

Intel Xeon E3-1220
16 GB RAM
Supermicro MBD-X9SCL-F-O
6x WD Red 3 TB (RAID6)
FreeNAS 9.2.1.5

I already unplugged the HDD and checked the SMART on my desktop PC, I will attach a screenshot of HDTune. Also the error scan in HDTune did not show any errors.

Hope someone can help me find the issue.

Thanks

EDIT:
I did reinsert the HDD in the system and resatred istnow I get the following info:

WARNING: The volume vol01 (ZFS) status is ONLINE: One or more devices has experienced an unrecoverable error. An attempt was made to correct the error. Applications are unaffected.Determine if the device needs to be replaced, and clear the errors using 'zpool clear' or replace the device with 'zpool replace'.

As SMART did not show any issues should I just clear the zpool?

danb35 · Jul 1, 2014

In case you're not aware, you can check the SMART data while installed on the FreeNAS server. Go to the shell and type

# smartctl -a /dev/adaX

where X is the drive number as FreeNAS sees it. You can start the long SMART self-test that Eric recommends with

# smartctl -t long /dev/adaX

Are you sure the drive you took out is the one with the error?

flashi99 · Jul 1, 2014

Hello,

thanks for the advice on the smartctl command. I just started the command on the suspected drive.

Also as to your question if I am sure about the drive: I am pretty sure, I did the following to determine the drive:

I used the command: "glabel status" which gave me the following line:

Code:

gptid/8a6b9a5c-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c    N/A  da1p2

As I know the ID of the faulty drive from the "zpool status"-command I knew that the drive was da1. Which in turn I could reverence to the serialnumber in the GUI. Know I just had to look on my list in which bay this drive is, unplug it and insert it into my PC.

So if I my method of determining the drive is not in some ways wrong I did get the right drive.

Thanks for asking.

Ericloewe · Jul 1, 2014

danb35 said:
In case you're not aware, you can check the SMART data while installed on the FreeNAS server. Go to the shell and type

# smartctl -a /dev/adaX

where X is the drive number as FreeNAS sees it. You can start the long SMART self-test that Eric recommends with

# smartctl -t long /dev/adaX

Are you sure the drive you took out is the one with the error?

I suggest you do this, flashi99, as the data you provided may be stale (no Long Test was run) and it's incomplete (the last few parameters are missing). Again, do it for all drives so we can take a look at all of them.

flashi99 · Jul 1, 2014

Hello,

I started the test on the first HDD, but I have a question, does this command take the HDD offline. Because after I entered the command I got the following message:

Code:

[root@ino] ~# smartctl -t long /dev/da1
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
 
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 412 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Wed Jul  2 03:33:58 2014
 
Use smartctl -X to abort test.

Also should I start the test on all drives at the same time or should I wait for the first one to finish?

Thanks for the help

danb35 · Jul 1, 2014

No, the SMART tests do not take the drive offline.

Ericloewe · Jul 1, 2014

flashi99 said:
Hello,

I started the test on the first HDD, but I have a question, does this command take the HDD offline. Because after I entered the command I got the following message:

Code:
[root@ino] ~# smartctl -t long /dev/da1 smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION === Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode". Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful. Testing has begun. Please wait 412 minutes for test to complete. Test will complete after Wed Jul 2 03:33:58 2014 Use smartctl -X to abort test.

Also should I start the test on all drives at the same time or should I wait for the first one to finish?

Thanks for the help

All at once, they take a long time and are done by the drives themselves.

flashi99 · Jul 1, 2014

Ericloewe said:
All at once, they take a long time and are done by the drives themselves.

Thanks very much for the help, I really appreciate it.

I just started the test on all drives, as soon as they are finished I will post the results.
It will take about 8 hours.

solarisguy · Jul 1, 2014

Yes, do zpool clear.

As danb35 pointed out, you can check S.M.A.R.T. using FreeNAS.

Using command line, by

Code:

gpart list da1

confirm that gptid/8a6b9a5c-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c is on that disk (look for rawuuid).

Wait 7 hours until the tests are finished (the command would interrupt the testing), then share with us the output of

Code:

smartctl -a /dev/da1

(or whatever disk gptid/8a6b9a5c-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c turns out to be on).

Also:

check/replace the SATA cable (are you using a locking variety?)
read http://forums.freenas.org/index.php?threads/hacking-wd-greens-and-reds-with-wdidle3-exe.18171/ and apply WD Red SMART load/unload utility to your Reds

flashi99 · Jul 2, 2014

solarisguy said:
Yes, do zpool clear.

As danb35 pointed out, you can check S.M.A.R.T. using FreeNAS.

Using command line, by
Code:
gpart list da1
confirm that gptid/8a6b9a5c-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c is on that disk (look for rawuuid).

Wait 7 hours until the tests are finished (the command would interrupt the testing), then share with us the output of
Code:
smartctl -a /dev/da1
(or whatever disk gptid/8a6b9a5c-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c turns out to be on).

Also:

check/replace the SATA cable (are you using a locking variety?)

read http://forums.freenas.org/index.php?threads/hacking-wd-greens-and-reds-with-wdidle3-exe.18171/ and apply WD Red SMART load/unload utility to your Reds

Hello,

here is the result of the da1 (gptid/8a6b9a5c-7c95-11e3-9410-000c299a3a1c):

Code:

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE-p4 amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
 
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:    Western Digital Red (AF)
Device Model:    WDC WD30EFRX-68EUZN0
Serial Number:    WD-WMC4N8109900
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6040e62f8
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity:    3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:    512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:  ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Wed Jul  2 09:27:02 2014 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
 
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
 
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (  0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:                (41040) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off supp                                                                                                                              ort.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 412) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (  5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.
 
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG    VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_  FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate    0x002f  200  200  051    Pre-fail  Always      -  0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027  177  175  021    Pre-fail  Always      -  6150
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -  91
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct  0x0033  200  200  140    Pre-fail  Always      -  0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate        0x002e  200  200  000    Old_age  Always      -  0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032  097  097  000    Old_age  Always      -  2755
10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032  100  253  000    Old_age  Always      -  0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032  100  253  000    Old_age  Always      -  0
12 Power_Cycle_Count      0x0032  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -  91
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032  200  200  000    Old_age  Always      -  90
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032  175  175  000    Old_age  Always      -  76599
194 Temperature_Celsius    0x0022  110  102  000    Old_age  Always      -  40
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032  200  200  000    Old_age  Always      -  0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032  200  200  000    Old_age  Always      -  0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable  0x0030  100  253  000    Old_age  Offline      -  0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032  200  200  000    Old_age  Always      -  0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate  0x0008  200  200  000    Old_age  Offline      -  0
 
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
 
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA                                                                                                                              _of_first_error
# 1  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      2751        -
# 2  Extended offline    Completed without error      00%      2750        -
# 3  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      1851        -
# 4  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      1109        -
# 5  Short offline      Completed without error      00%      438        -
 
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
 
[root@ino] ~#

Looks like there really is no error?

Also I will apply the "SMART load/unload utility"after I solved this issue, thanks for the advice , solarisguy.

Ericloewe · Jul 2, 2014

That drive is fine, nothing at all that would suggest a failure of any sort. Just don't let that Load Cycle Count creep up like it's been doing (As solariguy recommended).

flashi99 · Jul 2, 2014

Ericloewe said:
That drive is fine, nothing at all that would suggest a failure of any sort. Just don't let that Load Cycle Count creep up like it's been doing (As solariguy recommended).

Hello thanks for the info, I cleared the zpool and will fix the Unloading problem in the next few days.

Thanks again for the fast help.

EDIT:
I just ran the wdidle utility and 3 of my 6 drives had the idle time set to 8 sec. I disabled it completely.

bestboy · Jul 2, 2014

Code:

194 Temperature_Celsius    0x0022  110  102  000    Old_age  Always      -  40

You may also want to check your cooling. Your drive was 40°C when you executed the smartctl command and reached a maximum of 48°C at some point in the past.
The recommended maximum temperature is 40°C, so you should probably install some fans to prolong the life time of your drives.

flashi99 · Jul 2, 2014

bestboy said:
Code:
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 110 102 000 Old_age Always - 40

You may also want to check your cooling. Your drive was 40°C when you executed the smartctl command and reached a maximum of 48°C at some point in the past.
The recommended maximum temperature is 40°C, so you should probably install some fans to prolong the life time of your drives.

Hello, thanks for the advice, I will do that.
But I have one question how dis you get the 48°C?

bestboy · Jul 2, 2014

You need to subtract the measured values (110 resp. 102) from a manufacturer specific "base value". The base value for your WD REDs is 150.

150 - 110 = 40
150 - 102 = 48

Ericloewe · Jul 2, 2014

bestboy said:
Code:
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 110 102 000 Old_age Always - 40

You may also want to check your cooling. Your drive was 40°C when you executed the smartctl command and reached a maximum of 48°C at some point in the past.
The recommended maximum temperature is 40°C, so you should probably install some fans to prolong the life time of your drives.

Woah, good catch - I have to remember to look at that value...

flashi99 said:
Hello, thanks for the advice, I will do that.
But I have one question how dis you get the 48°C?

WD drives encode the temperature (in the CURRENT and WORST columns) as t = 150ºC - $value

In your case, 150 - 102 = 48, which is really bad for your drives.

flashi99 · Jul 2, 2014

Hello,

thanks for the information and advice, will install a fan in the case.

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