This guide provides step-by-step tutorials to install and configure SCALE. An additional guide shows how to apply and configure SCALE Enterprise licensed systems.
This section guides you through installing TrueNAS SCALE, or migrating from CORE to SCALE, and using the UI to access and configure TrueNAS SCALE.
Configuration includes setting up initial storage, backup, and data sharing, and expanding TrueNAS with different application solutions.
The SCALE Evaluation Guide also provides video tutorials for installing and exploring the full potential of TrueNAS SCALE.
TrueNAS SCALE Getting Started Contents
⎙ Download or Print: View all SCALE Getting Started articles as a single page for download or print.
SCALE Hardware Guide: Information on system hardware and system minimum requirements. Included information covers CPUs, storage considerations and solutions, media and controllers, device sizing and cooling, SAS expanders, and system memory.
Installation Instructions: Information on preparting and installing TrueNAS SCALE For first-time users (including Enterprise customers).
CORE to SCALE Migrations: Information on preparing for and migrating TrueNAS CORE to TrueNAS SCALE.
Third-Party Data Migration: Provides instructions for TrueNAS Enterprise users migrating data from third-party NAS solutions to TrueNAS SCALE using the Syncthing App.
TrueNAS releases follow a general adoption guideline for their lifetime.
Starting with the NIGHTLY builds, each stage of a major release incorporates more testing cycles and bug fixes that represent a maturation of the release.
With each version release stage, users are encouraged to install, upgrade, or otherwise begin using the major version, depending on the specific TrueNAS deployment and use case:
Release Stage
Completed QA Cycles
Typical Use
Description
NIGHTLY
0
Developers
Incomplete
ALPHA
1
Testers
Not much field testing
BETA
2
Enthusiasts
Major Feature Complete, but expect some bugs
RC
4
Home Users
Suitable for non-critical deployments
RELEASE
6
General Use
Suitable for less complex deployments
U1
7
Business Use
Suitable for more complex deployments
U2+
8
Larger Systems
Suitable for higher uptime deployments
The Software Status page shows the latest recommendations for using the various TrueNAS software releases.
Upgrade Notes
After updating, clear the browser cache (CTRL+F5) before logging in to SCALE. This ensures stale data doesn’t interfere with loading the SCALE UI.
TrueNAS SCALE is an appliance built from specific Linux packages.
Attempting to update SCALE with apt or methods other than the SCALE web interface can result in a nonfunctional system.
Users with unofficial apps installed should review app storage drivers to determine if any utilize the OpenEBS-ZFS container storage interface (CSI) before upgrading. This CSI is not supported in TrueNAS SCALE 24.04 (Removal Notice). Unofficial apps that use OpenEBS-ZFS CSI drivers should maintain functionality for existing deployments, but users are not able to make backups or restore any existing backups for those apps. New users are not able to install and deploy these apps.
All auxiliary parameters can experience changes between TrueNAS major versions due to security and development changes.
We recommend removing all auxiliary parameters from TrueNAS configurations before upgrading as these settings can result in SMB share failures after an upgrade.
TrueNAS SCALE 24.04 (Dragonfish) no longer includes the deprecated gluster component.
Systems installed with 24.04 cannot be used in experimental TrueCommand clusters.
Community users that experimented with this now-deprecated TrueCommand feature need to migrate any data from the TrueCommand cluster and delete it before upgrading any clustered SCALE systems to 24.04.
Several built-in services from SCALE 22.12 (Bluefin) in System Settings > Services are replaced by community applications (details).
SCALE 22.12 (Bluefin) systems must disable these built-in services and begin using the equivalent application before upgrading to SCALE 23.10 (Cobia), before upgrading to SCALE 24.04, or users can force an upgrade without disabling them. This is not recommended for the S3 service as you must migrate the MinIO service and data or lose it.
SCALE 24.04 changes the default user home directory location from /nonexistent to /var/empty.
This new directory is an immutable directory shared by service accounts and accounts that should not have a full home directory.
The 24.04.01 maintenance release introduces automated migration to force home directories of existing SMB users from /nonexistent to /var/empty.
Users upgrading from TrueNAS SCALE 23.10 (Cobia) to 24.04 (Dragonfish) who import a Cobia configuration file might find that some services are not automatically enabled as expected.
After uploading the configuration file and rebooting the system, review System Settings > Services.
For any services that should be enabled, set it to Running and Start Automatically.
Upgrade Paths
There are a variety of options for upgrading to SCALE 24.04.
With a stable release, upgrading to SCALE 24.04 (Dragonfish) from an earlier SCALE release is primarily done through the web interface update process.
Another upgrade option is to use a SCALE .iso file to perform a fresh install on the system and then restore a system configuration file.
See the TrueNAS Software Status page for recommendations about which software version to use based on your user type.
Update the system to the latest maintenance release of the installed major version before attempting to upgrade to a new TrueNAS SCALE major version.
flowchart LR
A["11.3-U5"] -->|update| B["12.0-U8.1"]
B -->|"update
ISO install"| C["13.0-U6.4
13.3-U1"]
C -->|ISO install| H
C -->|ISO install| I
D["22.02.4 (Angelfish)"] -->|update| E
E["22.12.4.2 (Bluefin)"] -->|update| F
F["23.10.2 (Cobia)"] -->|update| G
G["24.04.2.5 (Dragonfish)"] -->|update| H
H["24.10.2.2 (Electric Eel)"] -->|update| I
I["25.04.0 (Fangtooth)"]
flowchart LR
A["11.3-U5"] -->|update| B
B["12.0-U8.1"] -->|update| C
C["13.0-U6.4"] -->|ISO install| F
C["13.0-U6.4"] -->|"(anticipated)"| G
D["23.10.2 (Cobia)"] -->|update| E
E["24.04.2.5 (Dragonfish)"] -->|update| F
F["24.10.2.2 (Electric Eel)"] -->|"(anticipated)"| G
G["25.04 (Fangtooth)"]
CORE > SCALE Migrations
Enterprise customers should contact iX Support for assistance with migrating.
Migrating TrueNAS from CORE to SCALE is a one-way operation.
Attempting to activate or roll back to a CORE boot environment can break the system.
Upgrade your CORE system to the latest publicly-available 13.0-U6.2 (or later) release before attempting to migrate from CORE to SCALE.
You can use the UI update screens to migrate from CORE 13.0-U6.2 or CORE 13.3 to SCALE 24.04 (or earlier).
Later releases of SCALE do not support migrations from CORE releases.
These migrations cannot be done, and either fail or result in error conditions that cannot be resolved.
Alternately, fresh installing TrueNAS from an .iso file and restoring a previously downloaded 13.0 or 13.3 configuration file can migrate a system to 24.04.
This requires careful review of the system settings and recreation of TrueNAS administrator accounts after the configuration file restore process completes.
Download the iso or .update for the latest maintenance release of TrueNAS 24.04 (see Software Releases) and follow the instructions in this section.
TrueNAS Enterprise
Enterprise customers with HA systems should contact iXsystems Support for assistance with migrating to TrueNAS SCALE.
iXsystems Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
When attempting to migrate from TrueNAS CORE, the general recommendation is to back up the system configuration file and use a SCALE .iso file to fresh install TrueNAS.
After install, restore the system configuration and import the pools.
Depending on the specific system configuration, this can be a straightforward or complicated process.
See the Migration articles for cautions and notes about differences between each software and the CORE to SCALE migration process.
You must either clean install or use an upgrade *iso file to migrate a TrueNAS CORE system to SCALE 24.04 (Dragonfish).
Enterprise customers should contact Support for assistance with transitioning from CORE to SCALE.
Component Versions
Click the component version number to see the latest release notes for that component.
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS 24.04.2.5!
This is a release to address another high-impact issue discovered with SMB memory management.
Notable Changes
Fix Management of SMB AIO read buffers (NAS-132365).
Users with 24.04.2.4 installed and SMB shares in use are encouraged to upgrade to this release immediately.
Known Issues
An issue has been discovered for cloud sync tasks configured with file name encryption, which is available in Advanced Remote Options (NAS-132472). As this is an upstream issue in rclone, we recommend that users should not create new cloud sync tasks with the Filename Encryption setting enabled. Existing users of this feature must leave it enabled for existing cloud sync tasks to be able to recover backups.
Please see the 24.04.2 changelog below and use the Jira filter links to see the full changelog and known issues related to the 24.04.2 > 24.04.2.5 releases.
24.04.2.4
November 7, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS 24.04.2.4!
This is a release to address a small number of issues discovered in the 24.04.2.3 release.
Notable Changes
Fix memory consumption related to SMB AIO reads (NAS-132166).
Fix HA logic bug to ensure marked critical interfaces are treated as critical (NAS-132115).
Prevent SED pool degradation after power loss (NAS-129366).
Known Issues
Users have reported an issue with SMB memory management under heavy SMB loads.
A fix for this issue is in the 24.04.2.5 release version.
Please see the 24.04.2 Jira changelog below and use the Jira filter links to see the full changelog and known issues related to the 24.04.2 > 24.04.2.4 releases.
24.04.2.3
October 10, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04.2.3!
This is a hotpatch to address two issues in the previous 24.04.2.2 release, primarily affecting some TrueNAS Enterprise customers with High Availability (HA) systems and failover enabled.
Known Issues
An issue was discovered where the TrueNAS UI can send an improper payload for the Outboard Activity option when re-saving an edit to global network settings (NAS-131787).
Users who encounter this issue can upgrade to 24.10.0 where the issue is corrected.
Please use the 24.04.2 Jira filter links below to see the full changelog and known issues related to the 24.04.2, 24.04.2.1, 24.04.2.2, and 24.04.2.3 releases.
24.04.2.2
September 17, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04.2.2!
This is a hotpatch to address an issue in the previous 24.04.2.1 release where failover-related Proactive Support alerts were being triggered too often on some TrueNAS Enterprise platforms.
Please use the 24.04.2 Jira filter links below to see the full changelog and known issues related to the 24.04.2, 24.04.2.1, and 24.04.2.2 releases.
24.04.2.1
September 11, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04.2.1!
This is a small maintenance release and includes refinement and fixes for issues discovered after the 24.04.2 release.
Notable Changes
Adds proactive support and auto-alerts for unscheduled failovers, reboots, and unexpected High Availability (HA) issues.
When licensed for HA and the Proactive Support feature is configured, failover events generate a Support ticket with the corresponding support license notated NAS-130591.
Fix bug with case preservation when MacOS clients access an SMB share NAS-130743.
Please use the 24.04.2 Jira filter links below to see the full changelog and known issues related to the 24.04.2 and 24.04.2.1 releases.
24.04.2
July 9, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04.2!
This is a maintenance release and includes refinement and fixes for issues discovered after the 24.04.1 and 24.04.1.1 releases.
Notable Changes
Fixes implemented for CVE-2024-6387, noted as the “regreSSHion” vulnerability. Additional details and links to the technical discussion and analysis of the vulnerability are available from NAS-129828.
TrueNAS SCALE Enterprise users should update to 24.04.2 as soon as possible to address this vulnerability.
Systems migrating from 13.0-U6.2 that have storage pools with cache and spare devices can show, post-upgrade to 24.04.2, pools as having unavailable devices and other disk detection errors (NAS-130825).
This is caused by a difference between how CORE and SCALE identify devices for pool import. To work around this issue, use the TrueNAS UI to export the affected pool and then re-import it.
Network UPS Tools (NUT) service can utilize 100% of 1 CPU thread when power is cut to the UPS NAS-130175.
This issue is resolved in a new version of the related service, which will be made available in a future TrueNAS release when the updated NUT version is moved into upstream stable Debian repositories.
May 29, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04.1.1!
This is a maintenance release focused on two high-impact issues found in the previous 24.04.1 release:
Notable Changes
Apps Service (Kubernetes) times out waiting for network interface (NAS-129150).
Apps menu selected by a Read-only Admin user fails with traceback (NAS-129187).
Known Issues
Apps have network connectivity issues or are showing as unreachable (TNCHARTS-1092).
Please go to Apps > Settings > Advanced Settings and verify the Route v4 Gateway and Route v4 Interface fields are populated with functional settings.
Please use the 24.04.1 Jira filter links below to see the full changelog and known issues related to the 24.04.1 and 24.04.1.1 releases.
24.04.1
Click to expand
May 28, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04.1!
This is a maintenance release and includes improvements and fixes for issues discovered after the release of 24.04.0.
Notable Changes
Linux kernel updated to version 6.6.29 (NAS-128478).
Fixes to address issues involving ZFS ARC cache and excessive swap usage leading to performance degradation (NAS-128988, NAS-128788).
With these changes swap is disabled by default, vm.swappiness is set to 1, and Multi-Gen LRU is disabled.
Additional related development is expected in the upcoming 24.10 major version of TrueNAS SCALE.
Automated migration to force home directories of existing SMB users from /nonexistent to /var/empty (NAS-128710).
Fixed network reporting numbers for apps (NAS-128471).
Fixed an issue where a TrueNAS system that has a VM configured with IPv6 bind addresses could disrupt the TrueNAS web interface (NAS-128102).
Intel ARC GPU firmware included to enable transcoding (NAS-127365).
Fix for starting apps with a bridge interface (NAS-127870).
Retrieve interface names not stored in the database on fresh install for reporting (NAS-128161).
Fixed stats logic on Installed apps page to prevent refreshing (NAS-128515).
Allow systemd to set ACLs on log files (NAS-128536).
Fixed bug in updating localization settings (NAS-128301).
Ensure newly created iSCSI targets are discoverable in HA systems (NAS-128099).
Improved workflow when FIPS settings are toggled on HA systems (NAS-128187).
Apps Service (Kubernetes) failing to start after upgrade to 24.04.1 (NAS-129150). An initial investigation found that a saved network interface description string causes the service to time out. If you encounter an error with Apps services not starting after upgrading to 24.04.1, please try going to the Network screen and clearing any saved Description values from interfaces that are also used in the Apps > Settings > Advanced Settings form. This is also resolved in the 24.04.1.1 hotpatch.
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04.0!
This is the first stable release of TrueNAS SCALE 24.04 Dragonfish. It includes numerous software component updates and polished features, as well as fixes for issues discovered in 24.04-RC.1.
Notable Changes
Users migrating data from an existing third-party NAS solution to TrueNAS SCALE 24.04 can use the Syncthing Enterprise application to mount the source with a remote SMB share that preserves metadata.
See Third-Party SMB Data Migration for considerations and a full tutorial.
Improved workflow for FIPS changes on HA systems (NAS-128187).
Improved compatibility of TrueNAS SCALE MinIO app and CORE MinIO plugin facilitate simplified migration for CORE users with S3 data deployments.
Fixed bug to ensure ISCSI targets are mountable after removing and replacing targets (NAS-128099).
Bug fix for NUT service and UPS data reporting (NAS-127788).
Ensure Netdata reporting history persists after reboot (NAS-127880).
Hide SPICE viewer password when entered (NAS-127868).
Fixes for units and data display on the Dashboard and Reporting page (NAS-127963 and NAS-127854).
Update replication resume token at object receive instead of data receive (NAS-126772).
Relax L2ARC lock during write operations to prevent OOM activation or deadlock (NAS-127456).
Prevent Datasets tree from unexpectedly collapsing open datasets (NAS-127966).
Fix GPU endpoint usage for GPU passthrough (NAS-127882).
Prevent cloud sync tasks from failing when pre/post-init scripts are present (NAS-127975).
An issue was discovered after 24.04.0 released involving ZFS ARC memory and excessive swap space usage.
Community members who have experienced this issue report excessive RAM consumption leading to decreased middleware performance, web UI slowdowns, and UI inaccessibility.
24.04.0 users experiencing system slowdown and excess swap space usage (especially when free RAM is still available) can temporarily disable swap from the command line by running swapoff -a as root (or sudo). See Investigation of slow UI / RAM / SWAP issues on the TrueNAS Community Forums for more information and further discussion.
A resolution is expected in the upcoming 24.04.1 maintenance release.
A TrueNAS system that has a VM configured with IPv6 bind addresses can disrupt the TrueNAS web interface after upgrading to 24.04.0 (NAS-128102).
Users with this particular configuration are encouraged to either wait for the 24.04.1 maintenance release before upgrading or remove any IPv6 bind addresses from existing VMs before upgrading to 24.04.0.
Installed Apps network traffic is reporting numbers greater than actual usage NAS-128471.
Early releases are intended for testing and feedback purposes.
Do not use early-release software for critical tasks.
March 21, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04-RC.1!
This release candidate version has software component updates and new features that are in the polishing phase as well as fixes for issues discovered in 24.04-BETA.1.
Improved Kubernetes stability for applications (NAS-125640).
Exposed Netdata UI under Reporting > Netdata for deeper real-time introspection and reporting on system performance.
The Netdata UI bases time on the local browser time, while the SCALE Reporting screen is based on the TrueNAS system time.
Some difference in event time between the two screens is expected.
Users upgrading from TrueNAS SCALE 23.10 (Cobia) to 24.04 (Dragonfish) who import a Cobia configuration file might find that some services are not automatically enabled as expected.
After uploading the configuration file and rebooting the system, review System Settings > Services.
For services that should be enabled, set it to Running and Start Automatically.
System data reporting graphs on the Dashboard and Reporting screens are undergoing additional review and polish ahead of the 24.04.0 release.
Early releases are intended for testing and feedback purposes.
Do not use early-release software for critical tasks.
February 6, 2024
iXsystems is pleased to release TrueNAS SCALE 24.04-BETA.1!
This has software component updates and new features that are in the polishing phase.
Notable Changes
New audit logging framework added with initial support for SMB and other TrueNAS UI account and authorization activity (NAS-123447), including SMB activity (NAS-123371).
An Auditing screen manages this feature in the UI.
A new dashboard widget for backup configurations is available. This summarizes saved backup tasks and has links to quickly set up new backup schedules.
FreeIPA support is added to Credentials > Directory Services > Configure LDAP form (NAS-123701).
The Feedback reporting window has improved!
The page rating icon is now always visible on the top toolbar and the feedback window also functions for new bug reports and improvement suggestions (NAS-124484).
Clicking File a ticket on System Settings > General also opens the feedback window.
An unsupported development mode is added to the base system.
Enabling this puts the system in an unsupported state and allows customization of the operating system.
systemd-nspawn containers (Sandboxes) are added as an unsupported community feature so that an advanced containerization user can deploy custom software in persistent containers.
Support is added for data ingest via filesystem (SMB/NFS) clients, allowing users migrating to TrueNAS SCALE to more easily import data from a third-party NAS solution (NAS-123717).
Supported SMB migration via the TrueNAS Syncthing Enterprise app is arriving in a future 24.04 release.
ZFS ARC memory allocations are now identical to TrueNAS CORE (NAS-123034).
Share creation forms are reworked to centralize and speed up the configuration process (NAS-123420).
The feedback system is reworked and expanded to also control creating bug reports and improvement suggestions in the TrueNAS Jira project (NAS-124484).
The deprecated gluster component is removed and all other gluster-related components are removed from TrueNAS SCALE.
OpenEBS-ZFS container storage interface (CSI) driver support is removed in TrueNAS SCALE 24.04 (Removal Notice).
New and existing users who only use official apps are unaffected by this change, as these apps do not use OpenEBS-ZFS CSI drivers.
Unofficial apps are unaffected if they are configured as outlined below.
Unofficial apps that use OpenEBS-ZFS CSI drivers should maintain functionality for existing deployments, but users are not able to make backups or restore any existing backups for those apps. New users are not able to install and deploy these apps.
Maintainers of unofficial catalog apps using OpenEBS-ZFS CSI drivers should either begin to ship a CSI driver with the app or use the one provided in SCALE.
Improved performance for SMB Shares with directories containing large file counts.
The administrator account privileges feature is still under development and further bugfixes and enhancements are anticipated in future 24.04 (Dragonfish) releases.
Issues that are currently being resolved as part of finishing the feature:
Read-only TrueNAS administrators are not able to query audit entries. This fix is anticipated in the 24.04-RC.1 release.
Displayed units for network traffic are inconsistent between the web interface Dashboard and Reporting screens.
Additional changes for consistency and IEC conformant terminology are targeted for 24.04-RC.1 NAS-125453.
Information on system hardware and system minimum requirements. Included information covers CPUs, storage considerations and solutions, media and controllers, device sizing and cooling, SAS expanders, and system memory.
From repurposed systems to highly custom builds, the fundamental freedom of TrueNAS is the ability to run it on almost any x86 computer.
Minimum Hardware Requirements
Processor
Memory
Boot Device
Storage
2-Core Intel 64-Bit or AMD x86_64 processor
8 GB memory
16 GB SSD boot device
Two identically-sized devices for a single storage pool
The TrueNAS installer recommends 8 GB of RAM.
TrueNAS installs, runs, and operates jails (in TrueNAS CORE).
It also hosts SMB shares and replicates TBs of data with less. iXsystems recommends the above for better performance and fewer issues.
You do not need an SSD boot device, but we discourage using a spinner or a USB stick.
We do not recommend installing TrueNAS on a single disk or striped pool unless you have a good reason to do so.
You can install and run TrueNAS without any data devices, but we strongly discourage it.
TrueNAS does not require two cores, as most halfway-modern 64-bit CPUs likely already have at least two.
For help building a system according to your unique performance, storage, and networking requirements, keep reading.
Storage Considerations
The heart of any storage system is the symbiotic pairing of the file system and physical storage devices.
The ZFS file system in TrueNAS provides the best available data protection of any file system at any cost and makes effective use of both spinning-disk and all-flash storage or a mix of the two.
ZFS is prepared for the eventual failure of storage devices, and is highly configurable to achieve the perfect balance of redundancy and performance to meet any storage goal.
A properly-configured TrueNAS system can tolerate multiple storage device failures and recreate its boot media with a copy of the configuration file.
Storage Device Quantities
TrueNAS can manage many storage devices as part of a single storage array.
With more enterprise-level tuning in the mature 13.0 release and similar tuning in the upcoming SCALE Cobia release, TrueNAS can manage as many as 1,250 drives in a single storage array!
Storage Media
Choosing storage media is the first step in designing the storage system to meet immediate objectives and prepare for future capacity expansion.
Spinning Disks
Until the next scientific breakthrough in storage media, spinning hard disks are here to stay thanks to their balance of capacity and cost.
The arrival of double-digit terabyte consumer and enterprise drives provides more choices to TrueNAS users than ever.
TrueNAS Mini systems ship with Western Digital NAS and NL-SAS by default. Understanding the alternatives explains why.SATA NAS Disks
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) is still the de facto standard disk interface found in many desktop/laptop computers, servers, and some non-enterprise storage arrays.
The first SATA disks offered double-digit gigabyte capacities. Newer SATA disks meet many size, reliability, and performance goals.
While consumer desktop SATA disks do not have the overall reliability issues they once had, they are still not designed or warrantied for continuous operation or use in RAID groups.
Enterprise SATA disks address the always-on factor, vibration tolerance, and drive error handling required in storage systems.
However, the price gap between desktop and enterprise SATA drives is so vast that many users push their consumer drives into 24/7 service pursuing cost savings.
Drive vendors, likely tired of honoring warranties for failed desktop drives used in incorrect applications, responded to this gap in the market by producing NAS drives.
NAS drives achieved fame from the original Western Digital (WD) Red™ drives with CMR/PMR technology (now called WD Red Plus).
Western Digital designed the WD Red™ Plus NAS drives (non-SMR) for systems with up to 8 hard drives, the WD Red™ Pro for systems with up to 16 drives, and the WD UltraStar™ for systems beyond 16 drives.
The iXsystems Community Forum prefers WD drives for TrueNAS builds due to their exceptional quality and reliability.
All TrueNAS Minis ship with WD Red™ Plus drives unless requested otherwise.
Nearline SAS Disks
Nearline SAS (NL-SAS) disks are 7200 RPM enterprise SATA disks with the industry-standard SAS interface in most enterprise storage systems.
SAS stands for serial attached SCSI, with the traditional SCSI disk interface in serial form.
SAS systems, designed for data center storage applications, have accurate, verbose error handling, predictable failure behavior, reliable hot swapping, and the added feature of multipath support.
Multipath access means that each drive has two interfaces and can connect to two storage controllers or one controller over two cables.
This redundancy protects against cable, controller card, or complete system failure in the case of the TrueNAS high-availability architecture in which each controller is an independent server that accesses the same set of NL-SAS drives.
NL-SAS drives are also robust enough to handle the rigors of systems with more than 16 disks.
So, capacity-oriented TrueNAS systems ship with Western Digital UltraStar NL-SAS disks thanks to the all-around perfect balance of capacity, reliability, performance, and flexibility that NL-SAS drives offer.SAS Disks
Enterprise SAS disks, built for the maximum performance and reliability that a spinning platter can provide, are the traditional heavy-lifters of the enterprise storage industry.
SAS disk capacities are low compared to NL-SAS or NAS drives due to the speed at which the platters spin, reaching as high as 15,000 RPMs.
While SAS drives might sound like the ultimate answer for high-performance storage, many consumer and enterprise flash-based options have come onto the market and significantly reduced the competitiveness of SAS drives.
For example, we almost completely replaced enterprise SAS drives discontinued from the TrueNAS product lines with flash drives (SSDs or NVMe) in 2016 due to their superior performance/cost ratio.SATA & SAS Flash Storage SSDs
Flash storage technology has progressed significantly in recent years, leading to a revolution in mobile devices and the rise of flash storage in general-purpose PCs and servers.
Unlike hard disks, flash storage is not sensitive to vibration and can be much faster with comparable reliability.
Flash storage remains more expensive per GB, but is becoming more common in TrueNAS systems as the price gap narrows.
The shortest path for introducing flash storage into the mainstream market was for vendors to use standard SATA/SAS hard disk interfaces and form factors that emulate standard hard disks without moving parts.
For this reason, flash storage Solid State Disks (SSDs) have SATA interfaces and are the size of 2.5" laptop hard disks, allowing using them as drop-in replacements for traditional hard disks.
Flash storage SSDs can replace HDDs for primary storage on a TrueNAS system, resulting in a faster, albeit smaller or more expensive storage solution.
If you plan to go all-flash, buy the highest-quality flash storage SSDs your budget allows, focusing on power, safety, and write endurance that matches your expected write workload.
NVMe
While SSDs pretending to be HDDs made sense for rapid adoption, the Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) standard is a native flash protocol that takes full advantage of the flash storage non-linear, parallel nature.
The main advantage of NVMe is its low-latency performance. NVMe is becoming a mainstream option for boot and other tasks.
At first, NVMe only came in expansion-card form factors such as PCIe and M.2.
The new U.2 interface offers a universal solution that includes the 2.5" drive form factor and an externally accessible (but generally not hot-swappable) NVMe interface.
NVMe devices can run quite hot and might need dedicated heat sinks.
Manual S.M.A.R.T. tests on NVMe devices is currently not supported.
USB Hard Disks
Avoid using USB-connected hard disks for primary storage with TrueNAS. You can use USB Hard Disks for very basic backups in a pinch.
While TrueNAS does not automate this process, you can connect a USB HDD, replicate at the command line, and then take it off-site for safekeeping.
Warning: USB-connected media (including SSDs) might report their serial numbers inaccurately, making them indistinguishable.
These storage device media arrange together to create powerful storage solutions.
Storage Solutions
Hybrid Storage & Flash Cache (SLOG/ZIL/L2ARC)
With hard disks providing double-digit terabyte capacities and flash-based options providing even higher performance, a best-of-both-worlds option is available.
With TrueNAS and OpenZFS, you can merge flash and disk to create hybrid storage that makes the most of both types.
Hybrid setups use high-capacity spinning disks to store data, while DRAM and flash perform hyper-fast read and write caching.
The technologies work together with a flash-based separate write log (SLOG). Think of it as a write cache keeping the ZFS-intent log (ZIL) that speeds up writes.
On the read side, flash is a level two adaptive replacement (read) cache (L2ARC) to keep the hottest data sets on the faster flash media.
Workloads with synchronous writes, such as NFS and databases, benefit from SLOG devices, while workloads with frequently-accessed data might benefit from an L2ARC device.
An L2ARC device is not always the best choice because the level one ARC in RAM always provides a faster cache, and the L2ARC table uses some RAM.
SLOG devices do not need a large capacity since they only need to service five seconds of data writes delivered by the network or a local application.
A high-endurance, low-latency device between 8 GB and 32 GB is adequate for most modern networks, and you can strip or mirror several devices for either performance or redundancy.
Pay attention to the published endurance claims for the device since a SLOG acts as the funnel point for most of the writes made to the system.
SLOG devices also need power protection.
The purpose of the ZFS intent log (ZIL), and thus the SLOG, is to keep sync writes safe during a crash or power failure.
If the SLOG is not power-protected and loses data after a power failure, it defeats the purpose of using a SLOG in the first place.
Check the manufacturer specifications for the device to ensure the SLOG device is power-safe or has power loss/failure protection.
The most important quality to look for in an L2ARC device is random read performance.
The device must support more IOPS than the primary storage media it caches.
For example, using a single SSD as an L2ARC is ineffective in front of a pool of 40 SSDs, as the 40 SSDs can handle far more IOPS than the single L2ARC drive.
As for capacity, 5x to 20x more than the RAM size is a good guideline.
High-end TrueNAS systems can have NVMe-based L2ARC in double-digit terabyte sizes.
Remember that for every data block in the L2ARC, the primary ARC needs an 88-byte entry.
Poorly-designed systems can cause an unexpected fill-up in the ARC and reduce performance.
For example, a 480 GB L2ARC filled with 4KiB blocks needs more than 10GiB of metadata storage in the primary ARC.
Self Encrypting Drives
TrueNAS supports two forms of data encryption at rest to achieve privacy and compliance objectives: native ZFS encryption and self-encrypting drives (SEDs).
SEDs do not experience the performance overhead introduced by software partition encryption but are not as readily available as non-SED drives (and thus can cost a little more).Boot Devices
Booting legacy FreeNAS systems from 8 GB or larger USB flash drives was once very popular.
We recommend looking at other options since USB drive quality varies widely, and modern TrueNAS versions perform increased drive writes to the boot pool.
For this reason, all pre-built TrueNAS Systems ship with either M.2 drives or SATA DOMs.
SATA DOMs, or disk-on-modules, offer reliability close to consumer 2.5" SSDs with a smaller form factor that mounts to an internal SATA port and does not use a drive bay.
Because SATA DOMs and motherboards with M.2 slots are not as common as the other storage devices mentioned here, users often boot TrueNAS systems from 2.5" SSDs and HDDs (often mirrored for added redundancy).
The recommended size for the TrueNAS boot volume is 8 GB, but 16 or 32 GB (or a 120 GB 2.5" SATA SSD) provides room for more boot environments.
Hot Swapability
TrueNAS systems come in all shapes and sizes.
Many users want external access to all storage devices for efficient replacement if issues occur.
Most hot-swap drive bays need a proprietary drive tray into which you install each drive.
These bay and tray combinations often include convenient features like activity and identification lights to visualize activity and illuminate a failed drive with sesutil(8) for CORE or for SCALE.
TrueNAS Mini systems ship with four or more hot-swap bays.
TrueNAS R-Series systems can support dozens of drives in their head units and external expansion shelves.
Pre-owned or repurposed hardware is popular among TrueNAS users. Pay attention to the maximum performance offered by the hot-swap backplanes of a given system.
Aim for at least 6 Gbps SATA III support.
Note that hot-swapping PCIe NVMe devices is not currently supported.
Zpool layout (the organization of LUNs and volumes, in TrueNAS/ZFS parlance) is outside of the scope of this guide.
The availability of double-digit terabyte drives raises a question TrueNAS users now have the luxury of asking: How many should I use to achieve my desired capacity?
You can mirror two 16 TB drives to achieve 16 TB of available capacity, but that does not mean you should.
Mirroring two large drives offers the advantage of redundancy and balancing reads between the two devices, which could lower power draw, but little else.
The write performance of two large drives is similar to that of a single drive.
By contrast, an array of eight 4 TB drives offers a wide range of configurations to optimize performance and redundancy at a lower cost.
If configured as striped mirrors, eight drives can yield four times greater write performance with a similar total capacity.
You might also consider adding a hot-spare drive with any pool configuration, which lets the pool automatically rebuild itself if one of its primary drives fails.
Storage Device Burn-In
Spinning disk hard drives have moving parts that are highly sensitive to shock and vibration and wear out with use.
Consider pre-flighting every storage device before putting it into production, especially:
Start a long HDD self-test (smartctl -t long /dev/), and after the test completes (could take 12+ hrs):
Check the results (smartctl -a /dev/)
Check pending sector reallocations (smartctl -a /dev/ | grep Current_Pending_Sector)
Check reallocated sector count (smartctl -a /dev/ | grep Reallocated_Sector_Ct)
Check the UDMA CRC errors (smartctl -a /dev/ | grep UDMA_CRC_Error_Count)
Check HDD and SSD write latency consistency (diskinfo -wS for CORE or iostat or fio for SCALE systems) Unformatted drives only!
Check HDD and SSD hours (smartctl -a /dev/ | grep Power_On_Hours)
Take time to create a pool before deploying the system.
Subject it to as close to a real-world workload as possible to reveal individual drive issues and help determine if an alternative pool layout is better suited to that workload.
Be cautious of used drives, as vendors might not be honest or informed about their age and health.
Verify vendors have not recertified drives by checking the hours using smartctl(8) for all new drives.
A drive vendor might also zero the hours of a drive during recertification, masking the drive age.
iXsystems tests all storage devices it sells for at least 48 hours before shipment.
Storage Controllers
The uncontested most popular storage controllers used with TrueNAS are the 6 and 12 Gbps (Gigabits per second, sometimes expressed as Gb/s) Broadcom (formerly Avago, formerly LSI) SAS host bus adapters (HBA).
Controllers ship embedded on some motherboards but are generally PCIe cards with four or more internal or external SATA/SAS ports.
The 6 Gbps LSI 9211 and rebranded siblings with the LSI SAS2008 chip, such as the IBM M1015 and Dell H200, are legendary among TrueNAS users who build systems using parts from the second-hand market.
Flash using the latest IT or Target Mode firmware to disable the optional RAID functionality found in the IR firmware on Broadcom controllers.
For those with the budget, newer models like the Broadcom 9300/9400 series give 12 Gbps SAS capabilities and even NVMe to SAS translation abilities with the 9400 series.
TrueNAS includes the sas2flash, sas3flash, and storcli commands to flash or perform re-flashing operations on 9200, 9300, and 9400 series cards.
Onboard SATA controllers are popular with smaller builds, but motherboard vendors are better at catering to the needs of NAS users by including more than the traditional four SATA interfaces.
Be aware that many motherboards ship with a mix of 3 Gbps and 6 Gbps onboard SATA interfaces and that choosing the wrong one can impact performance.
If a motherboard includes hardware RAID functionality, do not use or configure it, but note that disabling it in the BIOS might remove some SATA functionality, depending on the motherboard.
Most SATA compatibility-related issues are immediately apparent.
There are countless warnings against using hardware RAID cards with TrueNAS.
ZFS and TrueNAS provide a built-in RAID that protects your data better than any hardware RAID card.
You can use a hardware RAID card if it is all you have, but there are limitations.
First and most importantly, do not use their RAID facility if your hardware RAID card supports HBA mode, also known as passthrough or JBOD mode (there is one caveat in the bullet list below). When used, it allows it to perform indistinguishably from a standard HBA.
If your RAID card does not have this mode, you can configure a RAID0 for every disk in your system.
While not the ideal setup, it works in a pinch.
If repurposing hardware RAID cards with TrueNAS, be aware that some hardware RAID card can:
Mask disk serial number and S.M.A.R.T. health information
Prform slower than their HBA equivalents
Cause data loss if using a write cache with a dead battery backup unit (BBU)
SAS Expanders
A direct-attached system, where every disk connects to an interface on the controller card, is optimal but not always possible.
A SAS expander (a port multiplier or splitter) enables each SAS port on a controller card to service many disks.
You find SAS expanders only on the drive backplane of servers or JBODs with more than twelve drive bays.
For example, a TrueNAS JBOD that eclipses 90 drives in only four rack units of space is not possible without SAS expanders.
Imagine how many eight-port HBAs you need to access 90 drives without SAS expanders.
While SAS expanders, designed for SAS disks, can often support SATA disks via the SATA Tunneling Protocol or STP, we still prefer SAS disks for reasons mentioned in the NL-SAS section (SATA disks function on a SAS-based backplane).
Remember that you cannot use a SAS drive in a port designed for SATA drives.
Storage Device Cooling
A much-cited study floating around the Internet asserts that drive temperature has little impact on drive reliability.
The study makes for a great headline or conversation starter, but carefully reading the report indicates that they tested the drives under optimal environmental conditions.
The average temperature that a well-cooled spinning hard disk reaches in production is around 28 °C, and one study found that disks experience twice the number of failures for every 12 °C increase in temperature.
Before adding drive cooling that often comes with added noise (especially on older systems), know that you risk throwing money away by running a server in a data center or closet without noticing that the internal cooling fans are at their lowest setting.
Pay close attention to drive temperature in any chassis that supports 16 or more drives, especially if they are exotic, high-density designs.
Every chassis has certain areas that are warmer for whatever reason. Watch for fan failures and the tendency for some models of 8 TB drives to run hotter than other drive capacities.
In general, try to keep drive temperatures below the drive specification provided by the vendor.
Memory, CPU, and Network Considerations
Memory Sizing
TrueNAS has higher memory requirements than many Network Attached Storage solutions for good reason: it shares dynamic random-access memory (DRAM or simply RAM) between sharing services, add-on plugins and/or jails (in CORE) or apps (in SCALE), virtual machines, and sophisticated read caching.
RAM rarely goes unused on a TrueNAS system, and enough RAM is vital to maintaining peak performance.
You should have 8 GB of RAM for basic TrueNAS operations with up to eight drives. Other use cases each have distinct RAM requirements:
Add 1 GB for each drive added after eight to benefit most use cases.
Add extra RAM (in general) if more clients connect to the TrueNAS system.
A 20 TB pool backing many high-performance VMs over iSCSI might need more RAM than a 200 TB pool storing archival data.
If using iSCSI to back up VMs, plan to use at least 16 GB of RAM for good performance and 32 GB or more for optimal performance.
Add 2 GB of RAM for directory services for the Winbind internal cache.
Add more RAM for plugins and jails, as each has specific application RAM requirements.
Add more RAM for virtual machines with a guest operating system and application RAM requirements.
Add the suggested 5 GB per TB of storage for deduplication that depends on an in-RAM deduplication table.
Add approximately 1 GB of RAM (conservative estimate) for every 50 GB of L2ARC in your pool.
Attaching an L2ARC drive to a pool uses some RAM, too. ZFS needs metadata in ARC to know what data is in L2ARC.
Error Correcting Code Memory
Electrical or magnetic interference inside a computer system can cause a spontaneous flip of a single bit of RAM to the opposite state, resulting in a memory error.
Memory errors can cause security vulnerabilities, crashes, transcription errors, lost transactions, and corrupted or lost data.
So RAM, the temporary data storage location, is one of the most vital areas for preventing data loss.
Error-correcting code or ECC RAM detects and corrects in-memory bit errors as they occur.
If errors are severe enough to be uncorrectable, ECC memory causes the system to hang (become unresponsive) rather than continue with errored bits.
For ZFS and TrueNAS, this behavior virtually eliminates any chances that RAM errors pass to the drives to cause corruption of the ZFS pools or file errors.
To summarize the lengthy, Internet-wide debate on whether to use error-correcting code (ECC) system memory with OpenZFS and TrueNAS, most users strongly recommend ECC RAM as another data integrity defense. However:
Some CPUs or motherboards support ECC RAM but not all
Many TrueNAS systems operate every day without ECC RAM
RAM of any type or grade can fail and cause data loss
RAM failures usually occur in the first three months, so test all RAM before deployment.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Selection
Choosing ECC RAM limits your CPU and motherboard options, but that can be beneficial.
Intel® limits ECC RAM support to workstation and server motherboards.
The 13th generation of their consumer CPUs, such as the Core i5 and i7, support ECC as long as they are paired with a workstation motherboard chipset, such as the W680.
Refer to Intel ARK for a full list of Intel CPUs with ECC support.
Which CPU to choose can come down to a short list of factors:
An underpowered CPU can create a performance bottleneck because of how OpenZFS compresses and encrypts (optional) data and performs checksums.
A higher-frequency CPU with fewer cores usually performs best for SMB-only workloads because of Samba, the lightly-threaded TrueNAS SMB daemon.
A higher-core-count CPU is better suited for parallel encryption and virtualization.
A CPU with AES-NI encryption acceleration support improves the speed of the file system and network encryption.
A server-class CPU is recommended for power and ECC memory support.
A Xeon E5 CPU (or similar) is recommended for software-encrypted pools.
An Intel Ivy Bridge CPU or later is recommended for virtual machine use.
Watch for VT-d/AMD-Vi device virtualization support on the CPU and motherboard to pass PCIe devices to virtual machines.
Be aware if a given CPU contains a GPU or requires an external one. Also note that many server motherboards include a BMC chip with a built-in GPU. See below for more details on BMCs.
AMD CPUs are becoming more popular thanks to the Ryzen and EPYC (Naples/Rome) lines.
Support for these platforms is limited on FreeBSD and, by extension, TrueNAS CORE. However, Linux has more support, and TrueNAS SCALE should work with AMD CPUs without issue.
SHA Extensions for x86 instruction set architecture
SHA Extensions in the x86 instruction set architecture support Secure Hash Algorithm family hardware acceleration.
Intel Goldmont (and later), Ice Lake (and later), and Rocket Lake (and later), as well as AMD Zen (and later) processors support the SHA instruction set.
Remote Management: IPMI
As a courtesy to further limit the motherboard choices, consider the Intelligent Platform Management Interface or IPMI (a.k.a. baseboard management controller, BMC, iLo, iDrac, and other names depending on the vendor) if you need:
Remote power control and monitoring of remote systems
Remote console shell access for configuration or data recovery
Remote virtual media for TrueNAS installation or reinstallation
TrueNAS relies on its web-based user interface (UI), but you might occasionally need console access to make network configuration changes.
TrueNAS administration and sharing use a single network interface by default, which can be challenging when you upgrade features like LACP aggregated networking.
The ideal solution is to have a dedicated subnet to access the TrueNAS web UI, but not all users have this luxury.
The occasional visit to the hardware console is necessary for global configuration and system recovery.
The latest TrueNAS Mini and R-Series systems ship with full-featured, HTML5-based IPMI support on a dedicated gigabit network interface.
Power Supply Units
The top criteria to consider for a power supply unit (or PSU) on a TrueNAS system are:
Power capacity (in watts) for the motherboard and the number of drives it must support
Reliability
Efficiency rating
Relative noise
Optional redundancy to keep critical systems running if one power supply fails
Select a PSU rated for the initial and a future load placed on it.
Have a PSU with adequate power to migrate from a large-capacity chassis to a fully-populated chassis.
Also, consider a hot-swappable redundant PSU to help guarantee uptime.
Users on a budget can keep a cold spare PSU to limit their potential downtime to hours rather than days.
A good, modern PSU is efficient and integrates into the IPMI management system to provide real-time fan, temperature, and load information.
Most power supplies carry a certified efficiency rating known as an 80 Plus rating.
The 80 plus rating indicates the PSU loses the power drawn from the wall as heat, noise, and vibration instead of powering your components.
If a power supply needs to draw 600 watts from the wall to provide 500 watts of power to your components, it operates at 500/600 = ~83% efficiency.
The other 100 watts get lost as heat, noise, and vibration.
Power supplies with higher ratings are more efficient but also far more expensive.
Do some return-on-investment calculations if you are unsure what efficiency to buy.
For example, if an 80 Plus Platinum PSU costs $50 more than the comparable 80 Plus Gold, it should save you at least $10 per year on your power bill for that investment to pay off over five years.
You can read more about 80 Plus ratings in this post.
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
TrueNAS allows the system to communicate with a battery-backed, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) over a traditional serial or USB connection to coordinate a graceful shutdown in the case of power loss.
TrueNAS works well with APC brand UPS, followed by CyberPower. Consider budgeting for a UPS with pure sine wave output.
Some models of SSD can experience data corruption on power loss.
If several SSDs experience simultaneous power loss, it could cause total pool failure, making a UPS a critical investment.
Ethernet Networking
The network in Network Attached Storage is as important as storage, but the topic reduces to a few key points:
Simplicity - Simplicity is often the secret to reliability with network configurations.
Individual interfaces - Faster individual interfaces such as 10/25/40/100GbE are preferable to aggregating slower interfaces.
Interface support - Intel and Chelsio interfaces are the best-supported options.
Packet fragmentation - Only consider jumbo framesMTU with dedicated connections, such as between servers or video editors and TrueNAS that are unlikely to experience packet fragmentation.
LRO/LSO offload features - Interfaces with LRO and LSO offload features generally alleviates the need for jumbo frames, and their use can result in lower CPU overhead.
High-Speed Interconnects
Higher-band hardware is becoming more accessible as the hardware development pace increases and enterprises upgrade more quickly.
Home labs can now deploy and use 40 GB and higher networking components. Home users are now discovering the same issues and problems with these higher speeds found by Enterprise customers.
iXsystems recommends using optical fiber over direct attached copper (DAC) cables for the high-speed interconnects listed below:
10Gb NICs: SFP+ connectors
25Gb NICs: SFP28 connectors
40Gb NICs: QSFP+ connectors
100Gb NICs: QSFP28 connectors
200Gb NICs: QSFP56 connectors
400Gb NICs: QSFP-DD connectors
iXsystems also recommends using optical fiber for any transceiver form factors mentioned when using fiber channels.
Direct attached copper (DAC) cables can create interoperability issues between the NIC, cable, and switch.
Virtualized TrueNAS
Finally, the ultimate TrueNAS hardware question is whether to use actual hardware or choose a virtualization solution.
At the heart of the TrueNAS design is OpenZFS. OpenZFS works best with physical storage devices. It is aware of their strengths and compensates for their weaknesses.
TrueNAS developers virtualize TrueNAS every day as part of their work, and it is intended only for use as a development environment.
While possible to deploy TrueNAS in a virtual environment, we do not recommend doing so for regular deployment of TrueNAS when storing production or critical data.
Virtualizing TrueNAS and using virtual disks for your pool is fine for ad hoc proof-of-concept, but it is not a supported configuration and might result in data corruption.
When the need arises to virtualize TrueNAS (for ad hoc proof-of-concept):
Pass hardware disks or the entire storage controller to the TrueNAS VM if possible (requires VT-d/AMD-Vi support).
Disable automatic scrub pools on virtualized storage such as VMFS, and never scrub a pool while running storage repair tasks on another layer.
Use at least three vdevs to provide adequate metadata redundancy, even with a striped pool.
Provide one or more 8 GB or larger boot devices.
Provide the TrueNAS VM with adequate RAM per its usual requirements.
Consider jumbo frame networking if all devices support it.
Understand that the guest tools in FreeBSD might lack features other guest operating systems have.
Enable MAC address spoofing on virtual interfaces and enable promiscuous mode to use VNET jail and plugins.
3 - Installation Instructions
Information on preparting and installing TrueNAS SCALE For first-time users (including Enterprise customers).
This section provides instructions for users that are installing TrueNAS SCALE the first time on their own system hardware and for users that need to do a clean install of SCALE.
TrueNAS Enterprise
TrueNAS SCALE Enterprise customers should contact iXsystems Support for assistance with the initial set up and configuration of their systems.
Contacting iX Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
The installation process covers installing SCALE using an iso.
TrueNAS SCALE uses DHCP to provide the initial system IP address.
After that, either use the Console Setup menu to reconfigure the primary network interface with a static IP address or use the SCALE UI to make network changes and complete the initial configuration.
Finally, it covers backing up your system configuration to a file and saving an initial system debug file.
Installing SCALE: Provides SCALE installation instructions for both physical hardware and virtual machines using an iso file. It also describes the iso verification process using and OpenPGP encryption application.
Installing SCALE Enterprise (HA): Provides a sequential process to complete the installation of a SCALE Enterprise (HA) dual controller system using an iso file and the SCALE UI.
Using the Console Setup Menu: Provides information on using the Console setup menu after installing TrueNAS SCALE from the iso file to configure network settings.
3.1 - Preparing for SCALE UI Configuration
Provides information you need to complete the SCALE configuration using the SCALE UI.
SCALE users installing and configuring SCALE on their own servers should use the information in this article to prepare for their SCALE system deployments.
For SCALE support or assistance refer to the TrueNAS community forums, Discord, or the tutorials included in the TrueNAS Documentation Hub.
If you are not the administrator responsible for network access in your company, contact your network administrator for assistance.
If your company obtains network hardware and support from an Internet or cable service provider, contact them for assistance with where to obtain this information.
Physical Access
When in the same location as the hardware designated for the TrueNAS installation, you can connect a monitor and keyboard to the system to do the initial installation and configuration.
An additional USB port is required when using a USB storage device to install TrueNAS from an .iso file.
IPMI Access
Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) servers provide access to servers and allow remote users to install software and configure or administrate systems at the console level, or as though you are in the room with the server when you are working remotely.
To provide for remote administration of your TrueNAS SCALE system, assign access through an IPMI server to the TrueNAS server.
To make this possible assign an IP address to use for access and set up administrator credentials (user name and password) to access the TrueNAS IPMI connections.
Network Access
TrueNAS uses DHCP to assign the IP address to the primary system network interface. DHCP only provisions one IP address.
You can use this DHCP-provided address, or you can assign a static IP address.
You must assign an IP address to each network interface card (NIC) installed in your system if you want to communicate over your network using the interfaces.
To configure your TrueNAS server to work with your network, you need:
DHCP broadcast messages enabled on the network or the subnet(s) in your network where TrueNAS is installed.
DNS name sever IP addresses in your network (SCALE can accommodate up to three name server IP addresses).
IP address for the Network Time Protocol (NTP) server you use to synchronize time across your servers and network.
Main domain name or the domain name for the portion of your network where the TrueNAS SCALE server is deployed.
Host name you want to use if not using the default-assigned host name in SCALE (truenas is the default host name in SCALE).
IP address for each additional network interface added in your system and connected to your network (static IP not provided by DHCP).
IP address assigned to the controller.
Either allow DHCP to assign the IP address or assign a static IP.
If you obtained network equipment and Internet service access from either an Internet or cable service provider, contact their support departments for assistance with network addresses.
SMTP Access
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service or servers allow for the transfer of electronic mail across an Internet connection.
TrueNAS uses either SMTP to send mail from SCALE to administrator or designated individual email addresses for system alert notifications.
If you do not know this information and do not have a network administrator in your company, or if you are a home user, contact your Internet or cable service provider to obtain the SMTP addresses to allow TrueNAS to send emails from your network.
Directory Service Access
This section does not apply to small companies with very few users or home deployments of SCALE.
TrueNAS SCALE works with either Active Directory or LDAP directory servers, and it can also work with Kerberos and IDmap.
Active Directory and LDAP configuration settings have similar requirements.
Active Directory
Provide the following information to configure SCALE Active Directory access:
Domain name for where the Active Directory server is located
Authentication credentials for access to the Active Directory server (admin user name and password to allow SCALE to communicate with the server)
List of trusted domains SCALE should allow
LDAP
Provide the following information to configure SCALE LDAP access:
Host name where the LDAP sever is located and where SCALE accesses it
Base and bind distinguished names (DN) and the bind password which are the authentication credentials
Kerberos realm and keytab information if used in your directory server deployment for SCALE to use for authentication
Advanced Directory Services
When configuring Kerberos and/or IDmap, you might need to provide:
Kerberos realm and keytab information
IDmap schema information
3.2 - Preparing for SCALE UI Configuration (Enterprise)
Provides information you need to complete the SCALE Enterprise configuration using the SCALE UI.
TrueNAS Enterprise
SCALE Enterprise customers, or those that purchased systems and service contracts from iXsystems, should use the information in this article to prepare for their SCALE system deployments.
The iXsystems Support department provides assistance with the configuration areas documented in this section.
Contacting Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
Because there are many possible scenarios for network configurations, this section covers the basics of the access and information required to configure SCALE to work in your network environment.
If you are the individual tasked with installing and configuring the TrueNAS SCALE server but are not responsible for network services in your company, contact your network administrator to request they provision and verify new IP address assignments and provide the other information for access.
Physical Access
When in the same location as the hardware designated for the TrueNAS installation, you can connect a monitor and keyboard to the system to do the initial installation and configuration.
An additional USB port is required when using a USB storage device to install TrueNAS from an .iso file.
IPMI Access
The Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) provides a way for system administrators to remotely access their TrueNAS system.
Through this remote access, administrators can install software, and configure or administer systems at the console level as though they are in the room with the server.
TrueNAS Enterprise systems sold by iXsystems provide IPMI network ports, but other hardware might not have IPMI ports.
iXsystems requires access through your IPMI server to access the TrueNAS server to provide remote administration support.
To make this possible:
Assign an IP address to the IPMI port of each controller in the TrueNAS array.
If you have a High Availability (HA) system, the server is equipped with two controllers so assign two IP addresses, one for each controller.
Create and provide administrator credentials (user name and password) for access to the TrueNAS IPMI connections.
Configure the administrator credentials to access both IP addresses assigned to the HA system controllers.
Network Access
TrueNAS uses DHCP to assign the IP address to the primary system network interface. DHCP only provisions one IP address.
You can use this DHCP-provided address, or you can assign a static IP address.
You must assign an IP address to each network interface card (NIC) installed in your system if you want to communicate over your network using the interfaces.
To configure your TrueNAS server to work with your network, you need:
DHCP broadcast messages enabled on the network or the subnet(s) in your network where TrueNAS is installed.
DNS name sever IP addresses in your network (SCALE can accommodate up to three name server IP addresses).
IP address for the Network Time Protocol (NTP) server you use to synchronize time across your servers and network.
Main domain name or the domain name for the portion of your network where the TrueNAS SCALE server is deployed.
Host name you want to use if not using the default-assigned host name in SCALE (truenas is the default host name in SCALE).
IP address for each additional network interface added in your system and connected to your network (static IP not provided by DHCP).
IP address assigned to the controller.
Either allow DHCP to assign the IP address or assign a static IP.
If you have an HA system with two controllers, you must assign a total of three IP addresses:
A virtual IP for access to the UI when either controller is active
An IP address for the primary network port on controller A
An IP address for the primary network port on controller B
iXsystems Support can assist you with any questions you have with these network requirements.
Provide the information listed to iXsystems when requested to expedite configuring your system network settings.
The failover feature on TrueNAS Enterprise platforms with High Availability (HA) can malfunction in network environments that heavily use the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).
When configuring or troubleshooting HA failover, if TrueNAS HA failover does not function properly, investigate STP use in the network and consider disabling STP on network switch ports connected to the TrueNAS platform.
SMTP Access
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service or servers allow for the transfer of electronic mail across an Internet connection.
TrueNAS uses either SMTP to send mail from SCALE to administrator or designated individual email addresses for system alert notifications.
Have your network administrators provide the SMTP addresses to allow TrueNAS to send emails from your network.
Directory Service Access
TrueNAS SCALE works with either Active Directory or LDAP directory servers, and it can also work with Kerberos and IDmap.
Active Directory and LDAP configuration settings have similar requirements.
Active Directory
Provide the following information to configure SCALE Active Directory access:
Domain name for where the Active Directory server is located
Authentication credentials for access to the Active Directory server (admin user name and password to allow SCALE to communicate with the server)
List of trusted domains SCALE should allow
LDAP
Provide the following information to configure SCALE LDAP access:
Host name where the LDAP sever is located and where SCALE accesses it
Base and bind distinguished names (DN) and the bind password which are the authentication credentials
Kerberos realm and keytab information if used in your directory server deployment for SCALE to use for authentication
Advanced Directory Services
When configuring Kerberos and/or IDmap, you might need to provide:
Kerberos realm and keytab information
IDmap schema information
3.3 - Preparing for SCALE UI Configuration (Home Users)
Provides information home users need to complete the SCALE configuration using the SCALE UI.
SCALE users installing and configuring SCALE on their home server should follow the instructions in this article to prepare for their SCALE system deployment.
For SCALE support or assistance refer to the TrueNAS community forums, Discord, or the tutorials included in the TrueNAS Documentation Hub.
Physical Access
When in the same location as the hardware designated for the TrueNAS installation, you can connect a monitor and keyboard to the system to do the initial installation and configuration.
An additional USB port is required when using a USB storage device to install TrueNAS from .iso file.
IPMI Access
Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) servers provide a way for system administrators to remotely access and control systems.
Through this remote access, administrators can install software, and configure or administer systems at the console level as though they are in the room with the server.
Home users with compatible hardware have the option to use an IPMI connection to remotely administer their system over the Internet.
To make this remote access possible you need an IPMI capable system or service:
Assign an IP address to access to the controller in the TrueNAS system.
Set up your administrator credentials (user name and password) for access through the TrueNAS IPMI connections.
Network Access
TrueNAS uses DHCP to assign the IP address to the primary system network interface. DHCP only provisions one IP address.
You can use this DHCP-provided address, or you can assign a static IP address.
You must assign an IP address to each network interface card (NIC) installed in your system if you want to communicate over your network using the interfaces.
To configure your TrueNAS server to work with your network, you need:
DHCP broadcast messages enabled on the network or the subnet(s) in your network where TrueNAS is installed.
DNS name sever IP addresses in your network (SCALE can accommodate up to three name server IP addresses).
IP address for the Network Time Protocol (NTP) server you use to synchronize time across your servers and network.
Main domain name or the domain name for the portion of your network where the TrueNAS SCALE server is deployed.
Host name you want to use if not using the default-assigned host name in SCALE (truenas is the default host name in SCALE).
IP address for each additional network interface added in your system and connected to your network (static IP not provided by DHCP).
IP address assigned to the controller.
Either allow DHCP to assign the IP address or assign a static IP.
Home users obtaining network equipment and Internet service access from either an Internet or cable service provider can contact the provider support departments for assistance with network addresses.
SMTP Access
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) service or servers allow for the transfer of electronic mail across an Internet connection.
TrueNAS uses either SMTP to send mail from SCALE to either the administrator or designated individual email addresses for system alert notifications.
Contact your Internet or cable service provider to obtain the SMTP addresses to allow TrueNAS to send emails from your network.
3.4 - Installing SCALE
Provides SCALE installation instructions for both physical hardware and virtual machines using an iso file. It also describes the iso verification process using and OpenPGP encryption application.
After you download the .iso file, you can start installing TrueNAS SCALE!
This article describes verifying the .iso file and installing SCALE using that file, and selecting the type of installation as either on physical hardware or a virtual machine (VM).
TrueNAS Enterprise
SCALE Enterprise customers should receive their systems already installed and ready for UI configuration. If there are any issues with SCALE that requires you to install or re-install SCALE on your TrueNAS server, contact iXsystems Support for assistance.
Enterprise customers with High Availability (HA) systems should not attempt to re-install their systems on their own. The dual controller install process is complicated and the risk of causing serious network issues is high. Contact iXsystems Support for assistance!
Contacting Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
The iXsystems Security Team cryptographically signs TrueNAS .iso files so that users can verify the integrity of their downloaded file.
This section demonstrates how to verify an .iso file using the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and SHA256 methods.
Performing PGP ISO Verification
You need an OpenPGP encryption application for this method of ISO verification.
Click here for the verification process.
Obtain an OpenPGP encryption application to use.
There are many free applications available, but the OpenPGP group provides a list of available software for different operating systems at https://www.openpgp.org/software/.
The examples in this section show verifying the TrueNAS .iso using gnupg2 in a command prompt, but Gpg4win is also a good option for Windows users.
To verify the .iso source, go to https://www.truenas.com/download-tn-scale/, expand the Security option,
and click PGP Signature to download the Gnu Privacy Guard signature file. This file can be a (.gpg) or a (.sig) file.
Open the PGP Public key link and note the address in your browser and Search results for string.
Use one of the OpenPGP encryption tools mentioned above to import the public key and verify the PGP signature.
Go to the .iso and the .iso.gpg or .iso.sig download location and import the public key using the keyserver address and search results string:
user@ubuntu /tmp> gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 0xc8d62def767c1db0dff4e6ec358eaa9112cf7946
gpg: DBG: Using CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB flag
gpg: key 358EAA9112CF7946: public key "IX SecTeam <security-officer@ixsystems.com>" imported
gpg: DBG: Using CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB flag
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
user@ubuntu /tmp>
Use gpg --verify to compare the .iso and the .iso.gpg or .iso.sig files:
user@ubuntu /tmp> gpg --verify TrueNAS-SCALE-21.04-ALPHA.1.iso
gpg: Signature made Thu May 27 10:49:02 2021 EDT using RSA key ID 12CF7946
gpg: Good signature from "IX SecTeam <security-officer@ixsystems.com>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: C8D6 2DEF 767C 1DB0 DFF4 E6EC 358E AA91 12CF 7946
user@ubuntu /tmp>
This response means the signature is correct but still untrusted.
Go back to the browser page that has the PGP Public key.
Open and manually confirm that the key is issued for IX SecTeam <security-officer@ixsystems.com> (iX Security Team) on October 15, 2019 and is signed by an iXsystems account.
Using SHA256 Verification
SHA256 verification uses the checksum to validate/verify the file.
Click here for the verification process.
The command to verify the checksum varies by operating system:
BSD: use command sha256 isofile
Linux: use command sha256sum isofile
Mac: use command shasum -a 256 isofile
Freeware or online checksum utilities are available for Windows users.
The value produced by running the command must match the value shown in the sha256.txt file.
Different checksum values indicate a corrupted installer file that you should not use.
Installing SCALE
You can install SCALE on either physical hardware or a virtual machine.
Prior to starting the update process, confirm that the system storage has enough space to handle the update.
The update stops if there is insufficient space to complete.
Installing on Physical Hardware
TrueNAS SCALE is very flexible and can run on any x86_64 compatible (Intel or AMD) processor.
SCALE requires at least 8GB of RAM (more is better) and a 20GB Boot Device.
Preparing the Install File
Physical hardware requires burning the TrueNAS SCALE installer to a device, typically a CD or removable USB device.
This device is temporarily attached to the system to install TrueNAS SCALE to the system permanent boot device.
Writing the TrueNAS installer to a USB stick on Linux
To write the TrueNAS installer to a USB stick on Linux, plug the USB stick into the system and open a terminal.
Start by making sure the USB stick connection path is correct.
There are many ways to do this in Linux, but a quick option is to enter the command lsblk -po +vendor,model and note the path to the USB stick.
This shows in the NAME column of the lsblk output.
Next, use command dd to write the installer to the USB stick.
Be very careful when using dd, as choosing the wrong of= device path can result in irretrievable data loss!
Enter command dd status=progress if=path/to/.iso of=path/to/USB in the CLI.
If this results in a permission denied error, use command sudo dd with the same parameters and enter the administrator password.
Installing From the Device Media
Before you begin:
Locate the hotkey defined by the manufacturer of your motherboard to use in this process.
Disable SecureBoot if your system supports it so or set it to Other OS, so you can boot to the install media.
With the installer added to a device (CD or USB), you can now install TrueNAS SCALE onto the desired system using the TrueNAS installer.
Insert the install media and reboot or boot the system.
At the motherboard splash screen, use the hotkey defined by your motherboard manufacturer to boot into the motherboard UEFI/BIOS.
Choose to boot in UEFI mode or legacy CSM/BIOS mode.
When installing TrueNAS, make the matching choice for the installation.
For Intel chipsets manufactured in 2020 or later, UEFI is likely the only option.
If your system supports SecureBoot, and you have not disabled it or set it to Other OS, do it now, so you can boot the install media.
Select the install device as the boot drive, exit, and reboot the system.
If the USB stick is not shown as a boot option, try a different USB slot.
Slots available for boot differs by hardware.
Using the TrueNAS Installer
If you are doing a clean install from the SCALE .iso file as part of migrating from a different version of TrueNAS CORE or SCALE, or to recover from a serious issue that requires you to re-install SCALE from the .iso, have your network configuration information ready to use after the installation completes.
Also have your SCALE system configuration file and data backups handy, so you can recover your system settings and import your data into the recovered SCALE clean-install system.
After the system boots into the installer, follow these steps.
TrueNAS Installer Instructions
Select Install/Upgrade.
Select the desired install drive.
Select Yes to proceed with a clean installation of TrueNAS SCALE from the .iso.
This erases the contents of the selected drive!
If prompted, choose No swap and press Enter.
Select option 1 Administrative user (admin) then OK to install SCALE and create the admin user account and password.
SCALE has implemented the administrator login as a replacement for the root user login as a security hardening measure.
The system retains root as a fallback but it is no longer the default.
The admin account has full control over TrueNAS and is used to log in to the web interface.
Set a strong password and protect it.
We do not recommend selecting 3 Configure using Web UI.
Next, enter a password for the new admin user.
Select Boot via UEFI at the TrueNAS Boot Mode prompt, then select OK and press Enter to begin the installation.
After following the steps to install, reboot the system and remove the install media.
Troubleshooting
If the system does not boot into TrueNAS SCALE, there are several things you can check to resolve the situation:
Check to see if the system BIOS has an option to change the USB emulation from CD/DVD/floppy to hard drive.
If yes and you make the change but it still does not boot, check to see if the card/drive is UDMA compliant.
Check to see if the system BIOS supports UEFI with BIOS emulation.
If not, see if it has an option to boot using legacy BIOS mode.
If the system starts to boot but hangs with this repeating error message: run_interrupt_driven_hooks: still waiting after 60 seconds for xpt_config, go into the system BIOS and look for an onboard device configuration for a 1394 Controller.
If present, disable that device and try booting again.
If the burned image fails to boot and you burned the image using a Windows system, wipe the USB stick before trying a second burn using a utility such as Active@ KillDisk.
Otherwise, the second burn attempt fails as Windows does not understand the partition written from the image file.
Be very careful to specify the correct USB stick when using a wipe utility!
Installing on a Virtual Machine
Because TrueNAS SCALE is built and provided as an .iso file, it works on all virtual machine solutions (VMware, VirtualBox, Citrix Hypervisor, etc).
This section describes installing on a VM using VMware Workstation Player on Windows.
Minimum Virtual Machine Settings
Regardless of virtualization application, use these minimum settings:
RAM: at least 8192MB (8GB)
DISKS: two virtual disks with at least 16GB, one for the operating system and boot environments and at least one additional virtual disk to use as data storage.
NETWORK: Use NAT, bridged, or host-only depending on your host network configuration.
Networking Checks for VMWare
When installing TrueNAS in a VMWare VM, double-check the virtual switch and VMWare port group.
A misconfigured virtual switch or VMWare port group can cause network connection errors for TrueNAS systems with additional applications installed inside the TrueNAS VM.
Enable MAC spoofing and promiscuous mode on the switch first, and then the port group the VM is using.
Jail Networking
If you have installed TrueNAS in VMware, you need functional networking to create a jail.
For the jail to have functional networking, you have to change the VMware settings to allow Promiscuous, MAC address changes, and Forged Transmits.
Setting
Description
Promiscuous Mode
When enabled at the virtual switch level, objects defined within all portgroups can receive all incoming traffic on the vSwitch.
MAC Address Changes
When set to Accept, ESXi accepts requests to change the effective MAC address to a different address than the initial MAC address.
Forged Transmits
When set to Accept, ESXi does not compare source and effective MAC addresses.
Installing on a Generic Virtual Machine
The procedure for creating a TrueNAS VM is the same for most hypervisors.
Generic VM Installation Instructions
Create a new virtual machine as usual, taking note of the following:
Point a bootable CD/DVD device in the virtual hardware to the TrueNAS SCALE installer image (this is usually an .iso).
Configure the virtual network card to allow your network to reach it.
Bridged mode is optimal as this treats the network card as one plugged into a simple switch on the existing network.
Identify the OS you plan to install on the VM. This is required by some products. The ideal option is Debian 11 64 bit.
If not available, try options like Debian 11, Debian 64 bit, 64 bit OS, or other.
Install in BIOS mode for VMWare hypervisors.
Ensure the VM has sufficient memory and disk space. For TrueNAS set to at least 8 GB RAM and 20 GB disk space.
Not all hypervisors allocate enough memory by default.
Boot the VM and install TrueNAS as usual.
After the installation completes, shut down the VM instead of rebooting, and disconnect the CD/DVD from the VM before rebooting the VM.
After rebooting into TrueNAS, install VM tools if applicable for your VM, and if they exist for Debian 11, or ensure they loaded on boot.
Installing Using VMWare Player 15.5
This example describes installing TrueNAS SCALE using VMWare Player 15.5.
Installation Instructions
Open VMware Player and click Create a New Virtual Machine to enter the New Virtual Machine Wizard.
Install the disk image file.
Select the Installer disk image file (.iso) option, click Browse…, and upload the TrueNAS SCALE .iso downloaded earlier.
Name the virtual machine.
You can change the virtual machine name and location.
Specify the disk capacity.
Specify the maximum disk size for the initial disk.
The default 20GB is enough for TrueNAS.
Next, select Store virtual disk as a single file.
Review the virtual machine configuration.
Review the virtual machine configuration before proceeding.
By default, VMware Player does not set enough RAM for the virtual machine.
Click Customize Hardware… > Memory.
Drag the slider up to 8GB and click Ok.
Power on the machine after creation if desired. Select Power on this virtual machine after creation.
Adding Virtual Disks
After installing SCALE on a virtual machine (VM), add virtual disks to the VM.
You need a minimum of two disks, 16 GB each.
One disk is for the boot environment the other for data storage.
Adding Virtual Disk Instructions
After creating the virtual machine, select it on the virtual machine list and click Edit virtual machine settings.
Click Add… and select Hard Disk. Select SCSI as the virtual disk type.
Select Create a new virtual disk. Specify the maximum size for this additional virtual disk.
This disk stores data in TrueNAS.
If desired, allocate the disk space immediately by setting Allocate all disk space now.
Select Store virtual disk as single file.
Enter a name and chose a location for the new virtual disk.
Repeat this process until enough disks are available for TrueNAS to create ideal storage pools.
This depends on your specific TrueNAS use case.
See Pool Creation for descriptions of the various pool (“vdev”) types and layouts.
Using the TrueNAS Installer
Just as with installing SCALE on physical hardware, complete the installation in the VM by booting into the TrueNAS installer.
Using the TrueNAS Installer in a Virtual Machine
Select the virtual machine from the list and click Play virtual machine.
The machine starts and boots into the TrueNAS installer.
Select Install/Upgrade.
Select the desired install drive.
Select Yes to proceed with a clean installation of TrueNAS SCALE from the .iso.
This erases the contents of the selected drive!
If prompted, choose No swap and press Enter.
Select option 1 Administrative user (admin) then OK to install SCALE and create the admin user account and password.
SCALE has implemented the administrator login as a replacement for the root user login as a security hardening measure.
The system retains root as a fallback but it is no longer the default.
The admin account has full control over TrueNAS and is used to log in to the web interface.
Set a strong password and protect it.
We do not recommend selecting 3 Configure using Web UI.
Next, enter a password for the new admin user.
Select Boot via UEFI at the TrueNAS Boot Mode prompt, then select OK and press Enter to begin the installation.
After the TrueNAS SCALE installation completes, reboot the system.
The Console Setup menu displays when the system boots successfully.
Congratulations, TrueNAS SCALE is now installed!
The next step is to configure SCALE network and general settings.
Experienced users can use the Console Setup Menu to configure network settings, but if you are unfamiliar with the Console setup menu and how network configuration works, we recommend using the SCALE UI to configure settings.
TrueNAS SCALE uses DHCP to assign an IP address to the primary system interface and displays it at the top of the Console Setup menu screen. Use this IP address to log into the web UI.
3.5 - Installing SCALE Enterprise (HA)
Provides a sequential process to complete the installation of a SCALE Enterprise (HA) dual controller system using an iso file and the SCALE UI.
TrueNAS Enterprise
TrueNAS SCALE Enterprise is generally available with the release of SCALE 22.12.2.
Do not attempt to install Enterprise High Availability systems with TrueNAS SCALE until it becomes generally available, unless the deployment is experimental in nature.
Installing TrueNAS SCALE on High Availability (HA) systems is complicated and should be guided by Enterprise-level support.
Contact iXsystems Support for assistance whenever attempting to install TrueNAS SCALE on Enterprise HA hardware.
Contacting Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
Do NOT use Linux or CLI commands to recover or clean-install the SCALE iso file or configure any initial configuration settings!
Incorrect use of CLI commands can further disrupt your system access and can potentially do greater damage to your system. Proceed at your own risk.
Installing SCALE for an Enterprise (HA) System
This article outlines a procedure to do a clean install of a SCALE Enterprise High Availability (HA) systems using an iso file.
HA systems are dual controller systems with the primary controller referred to as controller 1 (sometimes also as controller A) and controller 2 (or controller B).
For best results, we recommend executing this procedure on both controllers at the same time.
You can simultaneously install using two USB flash drives inserted into the USB port for each controller (1 and 2) or by establishing an IPMI connection with each controller in separate browser sessions.
Alternately, install and configure controller 1 while keeping controller 2 powered off.
When controller 1 is completely configured, power on controller 2 to install TrueNAS and reboot the controller.
When controller 2 boots after installing, sync the system configuration from controller 1 to controller 2.
SCALE includes features and functions to help with completing the configuration process after installing and getting access to the SCALE web interface.
Have this information handy to complete this procedure:
All the assigned network addresses and host names (VIP, controller 1 and 2 IP addresses).
Other network information including domain name(s), and DNS server, default gateway, alias, or other static IP addresses.
The IPMI access addresses for each controller and the administration credentials for IPMI access to these addresses.
SCALE license file provided by iXsystems.
SCALE Storage Controller 1 (A) and 2 (B) serial numbers (refer to contracts or documentation provided with the system or contact iXsystems Support and provide your contract number).
HA system controllers each have serial numbers, the lower number assigned is for controller 1 (e.g. of two controller serial numbers assigned A1-12345 and A1-12346, the A1-12345 is for controller 1 and A1-12346 is for controller 2).
When restoring after a clean install, also have ready:
Storage data backups to import into the Enterprise HA system.
System configuration file from the previous TrueNAS install.
Overview of the Installation Procedure
For best results, we recommend executing this procedure on both controllers at the same time.
You can simultaneously install using two USB flash drives inserted into the USB port for each controller (1 and 2) or by establishing an IPMI connection with each controller in separate browser sessions.
Alternately, install and configure controller 1 while keeping controller 2 powered off.
When controller 1 is completely configured, power on controller 2 to install TrueNAS and reboot the controller.
When controller 2 boots after installing, sync the system configuration from controller 1 to controller 2.
There are two ways to install the HA dual controller system to ensure controller 1 comes online as the primary controller:
Install both controllers simultaneously beginning with controller 1, then immediately starting the install on controller 2.
Installing each controller individually to specific points in the installation process.
Simultaneous installation must start with controller 1, so it comes online first.
Installing each controller individually follows a particular method to ensure controller 1 comes online as the primary controller.
The sections in this article cover the primary steps as a simultaneous installation:
Download the iso file from the TrueNAS website and prepare the USB flash drives if not using IPMI for remote access.
Log into your IPMI system using the network address assigned to controller 1, and then establish a second connection with controller 2 in a new browser session.
Install SCALE using the iso file and select the Fresh Install option.
Install on controller 1, then immediately begin installing on controller 2 in the other IPMI session to simultaneously install SCALE on both controllers.
Disable DHCP, then enter the network settings to controller 1 using the Console Setup Menu.
Enter the IP address and netmask assigned to controller 1, then enter the global network settings for host name, domain name, and nameservers.
Use the SCALE UI for system configuration as it has safety mechanisms in place to prevent disrupting network access that could require you to repeat the clean install to access your system.
However, if you are experienced with the Console Setup Menu and are using it to configure network settings you can configure the rest of the controller 1 network settings with the Console setup menu.
Log into the SCALE UI for controller 1 to sign the EULA agreement and apply the system HA license.
Disable failover to configure the rest of the network settings and edit the primary network interface on controller 1, and then enable failover.
Complete the minimum storage requirement by adding or importing one pool on controller 1.
Sign in using the Virtual IP (VIP) address.
With controller 2 powered up, on controller 1 sync to peer to complete the install and make controller 2 the standby controller.
The sections that follow describe these steps in detail.
Overview of the Alternative Installation Process
This process of installing each controller sequentially has two methods:
Install and configure controller 1 up to the point where you are ready to sync to controller 2.
When complete, install controller 2 and reboot. After the console setup menu displays, switch back to controller 1 and sync to peer.
This synchronizes the completed configuration from controller 1 to controller 2 and keeps controller 1 designated as the primary controller.
Or
Begin installing controller 2 immediately after installing controller 1. When controller 2 finishes installing, power it off and keep it powered down.
When finished configuring controller 1, power up controller 2 and wait for it to finish booting up. Switch back to controller 1 and sync the configuration to controller 2.
This section provides an overview of the alternative method to clean install an HA system with controller 2 powered off while installing and configuring controller 1.
These steps are nearly identical to the section above but controller 2 is either powered off or not installed while you install and configure controller 1.
Use either the prepared USB flash drive inserted into a USB port for controller 1 or log into an IPMI session and install SCALE on controller 1.
Finish the installation and allow controller 1 to complete its first boot.
Use either the prepared USB flash drives inserted into a USB port for controller 2 or log into an IPMI session for controller 2 to install SCALE.
When the installation finishes, power down controller 2.
Configure the required network settings on controller 1 with the Console setup menu.
Log into controller 1 using the IP address assigned to controller 1.
Apply the HA license, sign the EULA, and complete the UI configuration to the point where you are ready to sync to peer on controller 1, but do not sync yet.
Power up controller 2 and wait for it to complete the boot process.
Log into controller 1, go to System Settings > Failover, and click Sync to Peer.
This synchronizes controller 2 with controller 1 and reboots controller 2. Controller 2 becomes the standby controller when it finishes rebooting.
If you are remote to the system and are installing through an IPMI connection you do not need to save the .iso file to a USB flash drive.
If you are physically present with the TrueNAS SCALE system, burn the .iso file to a USB flash drive and use that as the install media.
Using IPMI to Install the ISO on a Controller
Use this process to install the iso file on both controller 1 and controller 2. Best practice is to begin the install on controller 1, then immediately begin the install on controller 2.
Installing ISO Steps
Enter the IP address assigned to the controller 1 IPMI port into a web browser and log into your IPMI system with admin credentials.
Select Remote Control > iKVM/HTML5 to open the Console Setup window.
IPMI interfaces can vary but they generally have options for Remote Control and iKVM/HTML5 to open a console session on the platform.
Install the .iso file. Select the Virtual Media > CD-ROM image option in your IPMI system.
a. Enter the IP address of where you downloaded the .iso file into Share Host.
You might need assistance from your Network or IT department to obtain this address.
b. Enter the path to the .iso file.
For example, if you stored the file in an iso folder enter /iso/TrueNAS-SCALE-22.12.1.iso in Path to Image.
c. Click Save, then Mount. You should see the .iso file under Device 1 or the device name your IPMI configures.
Return to the Remote Control > iKVM/HTML5 window opened in step 2. Either use your keyboard or open the keyboard in the window then:
a. Type 8 to reboot controller 1 (also repeat for controller 2), and type y to confirm and reboot.
b. As the system reboots, be prepared to hit the F11 key when you first see the TrueNAS Open Storage splash screen.
Alternatively, you can start clicking on the F11 key on the online keyboard until you see the TrueNAS SCALE Installer screen.
c. Select the UEFI: ATEN Virtual CDROM device from the boot list. The bootstrap loader begins. When it ends the SCALE installer opens.
Using the SCALE Installer
If you are doing a clean install from the SCALE .iso file to recover from an issue that requires you to re-install SCALE from the .iso, have your network configuration information ready to use for controller 1 after the installation completes. Do not configure network settings on controller 2.
Also have your SCALE system configuration file and data backups handy, so you can recover your system settings and import your data into the recovered SCALE clean-install system.
SCALE Installer Steps
Select Install/Upgrade.
Select the desired install drive.
Select Yes to proceed with a clean installation of TrueNAS SCALE from the .iso.
This erases the contents of the selected drive!
If prompted, choose No swap and press Enter.
Select option 1 Administrative user (admin) then OK to install SCALE and create the admin user account and password.
SCALE has implemented the administrator login as a replacement for the root user login as a security hardening measure.
The system retains root as a fallback but it is no longer the default.
The admin account has full control over TrueNAS and is used to log in to the web interface.
Set a strong password and protect it.
We do not recommend selecting 3 Configure using Web UI.
Next, enter a password for the new admin user.
Select Boot via UEFI at the TrueNAS Boot Mode prompt, then select OK and press Enter to begin the installation.
Select OK after you see The TrueNAS installation on succeeded displays. The Console setup menu screen displays.
Enter 3 to Reboot System and immediately return to the IPMI Virtual Media > CD-ROM image screen to click Unmount. Click Save.
If you fail to unmount the iso image before the system completes the reboot, the bootstrap install continues in a boot loop.
After installing the SCALE .iso file on both controller 1 and 2 and finishing the TrueNAS SCALE Installer process, use the Console setup menu to configure the required network settings on controller 1, so it can access the SCALE UI.
TrueNAS SCALE single controller systems use the DHCP-assigned IP address for the primary network interface to access the SCALE UI to complete the rest of the network and other configuration settings.
However, HA systems with dual controllers must use static IP addresses.
To allow controller 1 to access the UI, you must disable DHCP and add the controller 1 static IP address and netmask as an alias on the primary network interface, and then enter the network settings for host name, domain name, default gateway, and the name servers (1 and 2).
You can configure the rest of the HA global network settings in the SCALE web UI.
To use the Console setup menu to configure required network settings on controller 1:
Use either Tab or the arrow keys to select the interface assigned as your primary network interface.
If you have more than one interface installed and wired to your network, the primary interface is typically eno1.
With the interface highlighted, press Enter to open the Update Network Interface screen.
Tab or arrow down to ipv4_dhcp and change it to no.
Tab or arrow down to the aliases setting and enter the static IP address for controller 1.
Tab or arrow down to Save, and then press Enter. A pending network changes notice displays with additional options.
Type a to apply the change, then p to make it persist.
Type q to return to the main Console setup menu.
Type 2 and then press Enter to open the Network Configuration screen.
SCALE UI Enterprise customers see the End User License Agreement (EULA) screen the first time they log in.
Sign the agreement to open the main SCALE Dashboard.
Apply the system license next.
Go to System Settings > General and click Add License on the Support widget. Copy your license and paste it into the License field, then click Save License.
The Reload dialog opens. Click Reload Now. Controller 1 restarts, and displays the EULA for controller 2. Sign the EULA agreement for controller 2, and add the license.
The controller 1 and 2 (or a and b) serial numbers display on the Support widget on the System Settings > General screen.
Configuring Network Settings
Both controllers must be powered on and ready before you configure network settings.
You must disable the failover service before you can configure network settings!
Only configure network settings on controller 1! When ready to sync to peer, SCALE applies settings to controller 2 at that time.
SCALE Enterprise (HA) systems use three static IP addresses for access to the UI:
VIP to provide UI access regardless of which controller is active.
If your system fails over from controller 1 to 2, then fails over back to controller 1 later you might not know which controller is active.
IP for controller 1. If enabled, DHCP assigns an IP to the primary network interface on non-HA systems.
Disable DHCP, and then manually enter the Controller 1 static IP address your network administrator assigned for this controller.
IP for Controller 2. Manually enter the second IP address assigned for this controller.
Have the list of network addresses, name sever and default gateway IP addresses, and host and domain names ready so you can complete the network configuration without disruption or system timeouts.
SCALE safeguards allow a default of 60 seconds to test and save changes to a network interface before reverting changes.
This is to prevent users from breaking their network connection in SCALE.
To configure network settings on controller 1:
Disable the failover service.
Go to System Settings > Services locate the Failover service and click edit.
Select Disable Failover and click Save.
Edit the primary network interface to add failover settings.
Go to Network and click on the primary interface eno1 to open the Edit Interface screen for this interface.
First, enter the IP address for controller 1 into IP Address (This Controller) and select the netmask (CIDR) number from the dropdown list.
Next, enter the controller 2 IP address into IP Address (TrueNAS Controller 2).
Finally, enter the VIP address into Virtual IP Address (Failover Address).
Click Save
Click Test Changes after editing the interface settings.
You have 60 seconds to test and then save changes before they revert. If this occurs, edit the interface again.
Adding the Storage Pool
Create or import a storage pool from a backup. You must have at least one storage pool on controller 1.
After saving the storage pool, controller 2 automatically restarts. Wait until it comes back online before syncing controller 1 with controller 2.
For more information on how to create a new pool click here.
For more information on how to import a pool click here.
Syncing Controller 1 and 2
Turn the failover service back on. Go to System Settings > Services locate the Failover service and click edit.
Select Disable Failover to clear the checkmark and turn failover back on, then click Save.
The system might reboot. Use IPMI to monitor the status of controller 2 and wait until the controller is back up and running.
Log out of the controller 1 UI, and log in using the VIP address.
Sync controller 1 and 2.
With controller 2 powered on, but not configured, from controller 1 click Sync To Peer.
Select Reboot standby TrueNAS controller and Confirm, then click Proceed to start the sync operation.
This sync controller 2 with controller 1 which adds the network settings and pool to controller 2.
When the system comes back up, log into SCALE using the virtual IP address.
The main Dashboard displays two System Information widgets. In standard configurations by iXsystems, Controller 1 shows its serial number and a host name that includes the letter a. Controller 2 is labeled as Standby Controller and shows its serial number and a host name that includes the letter b.
Take note of this information.
The failover feature on TrueNAS Enterprise platforms with High Availability (HA) can malfunction in network environments that heavily use the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).
When configuring or troubleshooting HA failover, if TrueNAS HA failover does not function properly, investigate STP use in the network and consider disabling STP on network switch ports connected to the TrueNAS platform.
If controller 2 comes online as the primary and controller 1 as the standby, you installed and configured the controllers incorrectly.
Go to System Settings > Failover, clear the Default TrueNAS Controller option, and click Save. The system reboots and fails over to the current standby controller (in this case, to controller 1).
Log back into the UI with the VIP address. Go to System Settings > Failover and select Default TrueNAS Controller to make controller 1 the primary controller.
Select Sync to Peer. SCALE makes controller 2 the standby controller and syncs the configuration on controller 1 to controller
Click Save.
3.6 - Using the Console Setup Menu
Provides information on using the Console setup menu after installing TrueNAS SCALE from the iso file to configure network settings.
The Console Setup menu displays at the end of the iso installation process and after the system boots up.
You can access this menu to administer the TrueNAS system if it has a keyboard and monitor.
By default, TrueNAS does not display the Console Setup menu with SSH or web shell connections.
The admin user, the root user (if enabled), or another user with administrator or root-level permissions can start the Console Setup menu by entering this command:
For network configuration options 1, 2, and 3, we recommend using the SCALE UI to configure network interfaces, as it has safeguards to prevent breaking network access to SCALE.
1) Configure network interfaces
Use this to configure the primary network interface with a static IP.
This is for switching away from the DHCP-assigned IP address TrueNAS provides when the system boots after installing SCALE.
Also, use this to set up other network interfaces or to add alias IP addresses for the primary interface.
2) Configure network settings
Use this to set up the network default gateway, host name, domain, IPv4 gateway and DNS name servers.
Configured options display in the Global Configuration widget in the web UI Network screen.
3) Configure static routes
Use this to set up static IP routes, but this is not required as part of the initial configuration setup.
4) Change local administrator password
Use to change the administrator user password.
If you selected option 1 on the iso installer menu, you have already configured the admin user and password.
You can use this to change the admin password before you log into the SCALE UI.
This is not the password for the root user in the CLI or the root user login password for the web UI.
The root user password is disabled by default as part of security hardening.
Activating the root user is not recommended.
5) Reset configuration to defaults
Use to wipe all system configuration settings and return the system to a fresh install state.
6) Open TrueNAS CLI Shell
Use to start a shell for running TrueNAS commands, or use the SCALE UI System Settings > Shell.
Type exit to leave the shell.
7) Open Linux Shell
Use to start a shell window for running Linux CLI commands.
Configuration changes made here are not written to the database and are reset on each system boot.
We do not recommend using the Linux shell unless you are an advanced user. Type exit to leave the shell.
8) Reboot
Use to restart the system by powering down and then automatically powering on the system.
9) Shut down
Use to power down the system.
During the first boot, TrueNAS attempts to connect to a DHCP server from all live interfaces.
If it receives an IP address, the Console Setup menu displays it under The web user interface is at: so you can access the SCALE web UI.
You might be able to access the web UI using a hostname.domain command at the prompt (default is truenas.local) if your system:
Does not have a monitor.
Is on a network that supports Multicast DNS (mDNS).
Console Setup Menu Network Settings
You can either use SCALE UI or the Console Setup menu to configure your network settings for the primary network interface or other interfaces such as a link aggregate (LAGG) or virtual LAN (VLAN), or aliases for an interface, and to configure other network settings such as the default gateway, host name, domain, and the DNS name servers, or add static routes.
We recommend that only experienced administrators familiar with network configuration and the Console setup menu use it and that less experienced and knowledgeable system administrators use the SCALE UI to configure your network interfaces and other network configuration settings.
The TrueNAS SCALE UI includes safety measures to prevent you from completely disrupting network connectivity for your TrueNAS SCALE if you make a mistake with network interface settings.
Enter 1 to display the Configure Network Interfaces screen and select the interface settings.
Follow the instructions on the screen to configure an IP for a network interface.
Type n to open the new interface screen or press Enter to edit the existing interface.
You can enter aliases for an interface when you create a new one or edit an existing interface.
One or More Aliases?
Static IP addresses set a fixed address for an interface that external devices or websites need to access or remember, such as for VPN access.
Use aliases to add multiple internal IP addresses, representing containers or applications hosted in a VM, to an existing network interface without having to define a separate network interface.
In the UI, you can add aliases when adding or editing an existing interface using the Add button to the right of the Aliases.
To add a static IP. Click Add again to add an additional alias.
From the Console Setup menu, select option 1 to configure network settings and add alias IP addresses.
Type q to return to the main Console Setup menu screen.
Enter 2 to display the Network Settings screen to set up the host name, domain, default gateway and name servers. You can also add these settings using the web UI.
Static IP addresses set a fixed address for an interface that external devices or websites need to access or remember, such as for VPN access.
Use aliases to add multiple internal IP addresses, representing containers or applications hosted in a VM, to an existing network interface without having to define a separate network interface.
In the UI, you can add aliases when adding or editing an existing interface using the Add button to the right of the Aliases.
To add a static IP. Click Add again to add an additional alias.
From the Console Setup menu, select option 1 to configure network settings and add alias IP addresses.
Configuring Required Network Settings
TrueNAS uses DHCP to assign the IP address required to access the SCALE UI and displays it on the Console Setup Menu screen, and it sets the host name to truenas.
If you do not plan to use the DHCP-assigned network addresses provided by SCALE, identify your host and domain names, the static or fixed IP addresses you plan to assign to your network interface card(s), the default gateway, subnet mask(s), and the DNS name servers in your network.
TrueNAS Enterprise
For Enterprise systems, have your network information ready to provide iXsystems Support when they guide you through your configuration.
All other users should have their network information ready before starting to configure network settings. This makes the process go faster and reduces the risk of issues when you configure SCALE.
To use the Console Setup menu to change the network interface IP address:
Type 1 and then press Enter to open the Configure Network Interfaces screen.
Use either Tab or the arrow keys to select the interface to use as your primary network interface if you have more than one interface installed and wired to your network.
Enter in the IP address, then use either Tab or the arrow keys to move through the menu and down to select Save, and then press Enter.
After saving, enter q to return to the main Console Setup menu.
To configure the default gateway, host name, domain and DNS name severs using the Console Setup menu type 2 and then press Enter to open the Network Settings screen.
To configure network settings in the SCALE UI, enter the IP address displayed on the Console Setup menu screen in a browser URL field and press Enter.
Log in with the admin user name and password set for the administration user during the iso installation process, and then go to Network to edit an interface or global network configuration settings.
Configuring Home User Network Settings
Home users have a few options to allow Internet access using TrueNAS SCALE:
Use 8.8.8.8 as the DNS nameserver address
Use your ISP provider DNS servers (contact them for assistance with these addresses)
SCALE has implemented administrator account logins as replacements for the root user.
The Local Administrator user account is the default account, and the root password is now disabled by default.
If you migrate from CORE to SCALE and need to upload the CORE system configuration file, the root user password is not disabled but you must recreate the admin user account and disable the root password.
You can change the admin user password in the UI or from the Console Setup menu.
You can set and enable the root user password in the UI, but for security hardening, we recommend leaving it disabled.
Changing the admin user (or root if you have not created the admin user) password disables 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication).
Disabling a password in the UI prevents the user from logging in with it.
If both the root and local admin user passwords are disabled and the web interface session times out with these passwords disabled, SCALE provides a temporary sign-in screen to allow logging into the UI.
Immediately go to the Credentials > Local User screen, select the admin user, click Edit and re-enable the password.
Resetting the System Configuration
Caution!
Resetting the configuration deletes all settings and reverts TrueNAS to default settings.
Before resetting the system, back up all data and encryption keys/passphrases!
After the system resets and reboots, you can go to Storage and click Import Pool to re-import pools.
Enter 5 in the Console Setup menu, then enter y to reset the system configuration. The system reboots and reverts to default settings.
Completing your System Setup
After setting up network requirements, log into the web UI to complete your system setup by:
[Completing network configuration] (/scaletutorials/network/) if not already set up using the Console Setup menu.
Information on preparing for and migrating TrueNAS CORE to TrueNAS SCALE.
This section provides information and instructions for TrueNAS CORE users wanting to migrate to SCALE.
TrueNAS users wanting to migrate from 13.0-U6 (latest) or 13.3 to TrueNAS 24.10 or later can migrate to 24.10 and earlier using the UI, but must clean install if migrating to later releases.
Attempting to migrate directly to releases later than 24.10 fail and cannot be done.
Download a copy of the iso for the latest maintenance release of 24.10 or eaaarlier, then follow the migration instructions in this Getting Started section of the TrueNAS Documentation Hub to move from the FreeBSD-based version of TrueNAS to the Linux Debian-based version of TrueNAS.
TrueNAS Enterprise
SCALE Bluefin deprecates and SCALE Cobia removes the built-in DDNS, OpenVPN server and client, rsync, S3, and TFTP services.
The WebDAV service and share feature are also deprecated in Bluefin and removed in Cobia.
New applications are available in SCALE Bluefin to serve as replacements for the functions provided by these services.
To avoid any potential service outages, Enterprise customers with licensed TrueNAS systems are prevented from upgrading from SCALE 22.12.3 (or later) to SCALE 23.10 unless the deprecated services have been replaced and/or disabled.
Enterprise customers can contact iXsystems Support for assistance migrating from deprecated services.
Linux treats device names differently than FreeBSD so please read Component Naming for more information.
After migration, review each area of the UI that was previously configured in CORE.
Migration Articles
Preparing to Migrate: Guides CORE users through preparation elements and steps before beginning the one-way CORE to SCALE migration process.
Migrating TrueNAS CORE to SCALE: Provides instructions on migrating from TrueNAS CORE to SCALE. Migration methods include using an ISO or manual update file.
Enterprise HA Migrations: Discusses migrating a TrueNAS CORE High Availability (HA) system to SCALE.
Component Naming: Provides information on disk and interface naming changes related to the change from FreeBSD storage and sharing in CORE to Linux in TrueNAS SCALE.
ZFS Feature Flags Removed (obsolete): (obsolete) Provides legacy information for users of a deprecated ZFS feature flag merged into TrueNAS SCALE 22.02 and removed in 22.12.
4.1 - Preparing to Migrate
Guides CORE users through preparation elements and steps before beginning the one-way CORE to SCALE migration process.
TrueNAS Enterprise
CORE Enterprise customers are encouraged to contact Support for assistance with the process of moving from CORE to SCALE, especially customers with HA systems.
Enterprise customers should contact iX Support for assistance with migrating.
Migrating TrueNAS from CORE to SCALE is a one-way operation.
Attempting to activate or roll back to a CORE boot environment can break the system.
Upgrade your CORE system to the latest publicly-available 13.0-U6.2 (or later) release before attempting to migrate from CORE to SCALE.
You can use the UI update screens to migrate from CORE 13.0-U6.2 or CORE 13.3 to SCALE 24.04 (or earlier).
Later releases of SCALE do not support migrations from CORE releases.
These migrations cannot be done, and either fail or result in error conditions that cannot be resolved.
Alternately, fresh installing TrueNAS from an .iso file and restoring a previously downloaded 13.0 or 13.3 configuration file can migrate a system to 24.04.
This requires careful review of the system settings and recreation of TrueNAS administrator accounts after the configuration file restore process completes.
Download the iso or .update for the latest maintenance release of TrueNAS 24.04 (see Software Releases) and follow the instructions in this section.
What can or cannot migrate?
&newline;
Although TrueNAS attempts to keep most of your 13.0-U6.x configuration data when upgrading to TrueNAS 24.04 and later releases, some 13.0-specific items do not transfer.
These are the items that do not migrate from 13.0-U6.x:
Microsoft OneDrive Cloud Sync credentials and tasks. OneDrive compatibility is not available in TrueNAS.
FreeBSD GELI encryption. If you have GELI-encrypted pools on your system that you plan to import into TrueNAS 24.04 and later, you must migrate your data from the GELI pool to a non-GELI encrypted pool before migrating to TrueNAS.
Malformed certificates. TrueNAS validates the system certificates when a 13.0-U6.x system migrates to 24.04 or later. When a malformed certificate is found, TrueNAS generates a new self-signed certificate to ensure system accessibility.
13.0-U6.x plugins and jails. Save the configuration information for your plugin and back up any stored data.
After completing the TrueNAS 24.04 or later install, add the equivalent TrueNAS application using the Apps option.
If your 13.0-U6.x plugin is not listed as an available application in TrueNAS, use the Custom App option to add it as an application and import data from the backup into a new TrueNAS dataset for the application.
NIS data.
System tunables.
ZFS boot environments.
SMB auxiliary parameters. As of TrueNAS 23.10 (Cobia), the Auxiliary Parameters option is no longer available in the UI as a configurable option.
We recommend removing any auxiliary parameter settings in 13.-U6.x before migrating to TrueNAS 24.10 or earlier.
AFP shares also do not transfer, but migrate into an SMB share with AFP compatibility enabled.
13.0-U6.x netcli utility. A new CLI utility is used for the Console Setup Menu and other commands issued in a CLI.
By default, any TrueNAS user account with netcli as the chosen Shell updates to use the nologin option instead.
See the Users Screens reference article for descriptions of all Shell options.
SAS multipath is not supported in TrueNAS 24.04 and later.
TrueNAS 13 account names beginning with a number are not supported in TrueNAS 24.04 and later.
Usernames in 24.04 and later must begin with a letter or an underscore. Before attempting a migration, review the local user accounts and rename or replace any accounts that begin with a numeric character (0-9).
VM storage and its basic configuration transfer over during a migration, but you need to double-check the VM configuration and the network interface settings specifically before starting the VM.
Preparing for Migration
Read this article before you attempt to migrate your 13.0-U6.x system to TrueNAS 24.04.
We strongly recommend not using USB flash drives or USB-attached drives for backups as these can have issues, including with recovering backed up files.
For more information on using USB drives and devices in general, read the CORE Hardware Guide.
If you must use a USB type device, verify you can access files on the device before you upgrade/migrate to SCALE.
Upgrade your CORE system to the most recent publicly-available CORE major maintenance release version.
CORE systems at the latest 13.0 release can use the iso upgrade method to migrate to SCALE.
Migrate GELI-encrypted pools to a non-GELI-encrypted pool before upgrading from CORE 12.0x or earlier releases!
Verify the root user is not locked.
Go to Accounts > Users, select the root user and click Edit to view current settings and confirm Lock User is not selected.
Write down, copy, or take screenshots of settings to use in the event of a post-upgrade/migration issue or to duplicate in SCALE.
Use the checklist below to guide you through this step:
Check the release notes for each major release version - Release notes contain information on feature changes and deprecated services you need to be aware of. Record the settings for deprecated services, and take the steps documented in the release notes to deploy an alternate solution if you choose.
System dataset - Identify your system dataset. If you want to use the same dataset for the system dataset in SCALE, note the pool and system dataset.
When you set up the first required pool on SCALE import this pool first.
VMs - If you have virtual machines configured in CORE, write down or screenshot network and other setting information.
Plugins or jails - Plugins and jails do not migrate. Record settings for each plugin/jail and back up the data associated with each.
CAs, certificates, CSRs - If you added certificate authorities, certificates, or certificate signing requests to CORE, they should migrate with the system config file, but as a precaution against possible malformed certificates copy private and public certificate keys and save each, then copy or screenshot all CA, certificate, and CSR setting. Make sure you have backed-up copies of certificates used in CORE to import or configure in SCALE.
Usernames beginning with (0-9) - Review local user account names and rename or replace these with a letter or underscore before migrating.
Tunables on CORE - SCALE does not use Tunables the way CORE does. SCALE allows adding script configurations on the System Settings > Advanced screen, using the Sysctl widget.
Init/shutdown scripts - If using init/shutdown scripts in CORE, copy them or take a screenshot to add them to SCALE.
Cron jobs - If configured in CORE, copy or use screenshots of cron job scripts if you want to add the same jobs in SCALE.
Global self-encrypting drive (SED) Password - Unlock these drives in CORE before you clean install SCALE. Write down the SED password configured in CORE to use in SCALE.
Credentials - Copy or write down the credentials for SSH connections and keypairs, and any cloud service backup providers configured in CORE if you do not have the credential settings saved in other files kept secured outside of CORE.
Data protection tasks - Write down or take screenshots of replication, periodic snapshot, cloud sync, or other task settings to reconfigure these in SCALE if you want to duplicate these tasks.
Write down or take screenshots of your network configuration information.
Capture the global network settings, interfaces (LAGG, VLAN, bridge settings), static IP addresses, and aliases.
FreeBSD and Linux use different nomenclature for network interfaces, bridges, LAGGs, and VLANs.
Because of the difference, network settings can either get lost or not transfer which means you have no network connectivity.
You can find interface names in the CORE UI on the Network > Interfaces screen.
When using a TrueNAS Enterprise system from iXsystems, refer to the network port ID manuals of your TrueNAS Systems to find the network port assignments in TrueNAS SCALE.
When using custom hardware for TrueNAS, refer to the manual or documentation provided with your system or locate this information on your server hardware and take note of it.
If there are issues after a clean install of SCALE from an iso file or you are not using DHCP for network and interface configuration, use the information from your CORE settings to configure your SCALE network settings and to reconfigure your static IPs or aliases.
TrueNAS uses DHCP to assign the IP address to the primary system network interface. DHCP only provisions one IP address.
You can use this DHCP-provided address, or you can assign a static IP address.
You must assign an IP address to each network interface card (NIC) installed in your system if you want to communicate over your network using the interfaces.
To configure your TrueNAS server to work with your network, you need:
DHCP broadcast messages enabled on the network or the subnet(s) in your network where TrueNAS is installed.
DNS name sever IP addresses in your network (SCALE can accommodate up to three name server IP addresses).
IP address for the Network Time Protocol (NTP) server you use to synchronize time across your servers and network.
Main domain name or the domain name for the portion of your network where the TrueNAS SCALE server is deployed.
Host name you want to use if not using the default-assigned host name in SCALE (truenas is the default host name in SCALE).
IP address for each additional network interface added in your system and connected to your network (static IP not provided by DHCP).
IP address assigned to the controller.
Either allow DHCP to assign the IP address or assign a static IP.
Make sure S3 MinIO data is backed up as a precaution. The migration process from the S3 service requires first migrating to the MinIO plugin in TrueNAS CORE, migrating from CORE to SCALE, then installing the SCALE MinIO app and importing S3 data.
Back up any critical data.
Download your system configuration file and a debug file.
After updating to the latest publicly-available release of CORE and making any changes to CORE user accounts or any other settings download these files and keep them in a safe place and where you can access them if you need to revert to CORE with a clean install using the CORE iso file.
After completing the steps that apply to your CORE system listed above, download the SCALE ISO file and save it to your computer.
Burn the iso to a USB drive (see Installing on Physical Hardware in Installing SCALE) when upgrading a physical system.
4.2 - Migrating TrueNAS CORE to SCALE
Provides instructions on migrating from TrueNAS CORE to SCALE. Migration methods include using an ISO or manual update file.
Migration Overview
This article provides information and instructions for migrating non-Enterprise TrueNAS CORE to SCALE.
TrueNAS Enterprise
TrueNAS Enterprise customers should consult with iXsystems Support before attempting migrate to TrueNAS SCALE.
The process requires an extended maintenance window, requires executing steps in the correct order to prevent issues with system configuration and operation, and additional system review post-migration to catch and correct any configuration issues.
Contacting iXsystems Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
Review the Migration Preparation article for detailed recommendations and preparation steps before attempting to migrate from CORE to SCALE.
Depending on system configuration, migrating from CORE to SCALE can be more or less complicated.
Root is the default system administration account for CORE, SCALE Angelfish, and early Bluefin releases.
Users migrating from CORE to SCALE or from pre 22.12.3 releases must manually create an admin user account.
Only fresh installations using an iso file provide the option to create the admin user during the installation process.
SCALE systems with only the root user account can log in to the TrueNAS web interface as the root user.
System administrators should thereafter create and begin using the admin login, and then disable the root user password.
SCALE 24.04 (Dragonfish) introduces administrators privileges and role-based administrator accounts.
The root or local administrator user can create new administrators with limited privileges based on their needs.
Predefined administrator roles are read only, share admin, and the default full access local administrator account.
As part of security hardening and to comply with Federal Information Processing standards (FIPS), iXsystems plans to completely disable root login in a future release.
Migration Methods
Enterprise customers should contact iX Support for assistance with migrating.
Migrating TrueNAS from CORE to SCALE is a one-way operation.
Attempting to activate or roll back to a CORE boot environment can break the system.
Upgrade your CORE system to the latest publicly-available 13.0-U6.2 (or later) release before attempting to migrate from CORE to SCALE.
You can use the UI update screens to migrate from CORE 13.0-U6.2 or CORE 13.3 to SCALE 24.04 (or earlier).
Later releases of SCALE do not support migrations from CORE releases.
These migrations cannot be done, and either fail or result in error conditions that cannot be resolved.
Alternately, fresh installing TrueNAS from an .iso file and restoring a previously downloaded 13.0 or 13.3 configuration file can migrate a system to 24.04.
This requires careful review of the system settings and recreation of TrueNAS administrator accounts after the configuration file restore process completes.
Download the iso or .update for the latest maintenance release of TrueNAS 24.04 (see Software Releases) and follow the instructions in this section.
Clean Install
You can migrate from CORE to SCALE with a clean install using an iso file.
With a clean SCALE install, you need to reconfigure your CORE settings in SCALE and import your data.
Follow the instructions in the Install articles.
Uploading the CORE config file deletes the new admin user account created during a clean install and therefore requires you to recreate it.
Log back into TrueNAS using the CORE root user credentials, and go to Credentials > Users to add an administration user with full control permissions.
Test the login, then disable the root user password.
Review each area of the UI previously configured in CORE to validate network settings, pools imported, and all other settings migrated correctly.
Begin with your network settings.
TrueNAS SCALE automatically renames components, such as disks and interfaces, migrated from TrueNAS CORE, but does not modify the component Description.
For example, the Name of an interface identified as igb0 in TrueNAS CORE is updated to eno1 after migration to TrueNAS SCALE, but the Descriptionigb0 is retained.
This difference is purely cosmetic and does not affect functionality.
Use the information gathered during your migration preparation to restore settings, tasks, VMs, credentials, etc. not present in TrueNAS after uploading the config file.
Select SCALE Update Train
This method is only available for non-Enterprise community systems and for releases 24.10 and earlier.
Go to System > Update
From the Train dropdown, choose the latest stable TrueNAS SCALE release, 24.04 (Dragonfish) or newer.
Review the migrations warning and verify the system is ready to migrate before confirming and continuing.
When the latest update for that chosen TrueNAS release is loaded, click Apply Pending Update or Download Updates to begin the update process documented in Updating SCALE.
It is strongly recommended to download the system configuration backup prior to starting the update.
We strongly recommended downloading the system configuration backup prior to starting the update.
After the system installs the update and reboots, log in and review the system configuration to ensure the migration was successful.
After the update completes, reboot the system if it does not reboot automatically.
Some CORE 13.0 releases can migrate using the CORE UI Upgrade function using a SCALE update file downloaded from the website.
To use this method, you must upgrade to the latest maintenance release.
Earlier releases of CORE must upgrade to 13.0 and then the latest maintenance release (U6.2) to use this method.
For community users, 13.3 and the latest public release is acceptable.
If this process fails, retry using the iso file method above.
Confirm that the TrueNAS CORE system is on the latest public release, 13.0-U6.2 (community users could have 13.3-RELEASE or newer installed).
Select a Temporary Storage Location (either Memory Device or a Pool) for the manual update file.
Click Choose File and select the TrueNAS-SCALE.update file you downloaded.
All CORE systems migrating to SCALE, and all Angelfish and early Bluefin releases of SCALE upgrading to 22.12.3+ or to later SCALE major versions should create and begin using an admin user instead of the root user.
After migrating or upgrading from CORE or a pre-SCALE 22.12.3 release to a later SCALE release, use this procedure to create the Local Administrator user.
Go to Credentials > Local Users and click Add.
Enter the name to use for the administrator account. For example, admin.
You can create multiple admin users with any name and assign each different administration privileges.
Enter and confirm the admin user password.
Select builtin_administrators on the Auxiliary Group dropdown list.
Add the home directory for the new admin user.
Enter or browse to select the location where SCALE creates the home directory. For example, /mnt/tank. If you created a dataset to use for home directories, select that dataset.
Select the Read, Write, and Execute permissions for User, Group, and Other this user should have, then select Create Home Directory.
Select the shell for this admin user from the Shell dropdown list.
Options are nologin, TrueNAS CLI, TrueNAS Console, sh, bash, rbash, dash, tmux, and zsh.
Select the sudo authorization permissions for this admin user.
Some applications, such as Nextcloud, require sudo permissions for the administrator account.
For administrator accounts generated during the initial installation process, TrueNAS SCALE sets authorization to Allow all sudo commands.
Click Save.
The system adds the user to the builtin-users group after clicking Save.
Log out of the TrueNAS system and then log back in using the admin user credentials to verify that the admin user credentials work properly with your network configuration.
After adding the admin user account, disable the root user password:
Go to Credentials > Local Users, click on the root user, and select Edit.
Click the Disable Password toggle to disable the password, then click Save.
4.3 - Enterprise HA Migrations
Discusses migrating a TrueNAS CORE High Availability (HA) system to SCALE.
TrueNAS Enterprise customers should consult with iXsystems Support before attempting migrate to TrueNAS SCALE.
The process requires:
Backing up critical data.
An extended maintenance window.
Executing the migration process in a precise order.
Additional system configuration to update network interfaces and add new administrator accounts.
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
Provides information on disk and interface naming changes related to the change from FreeBSD storage and sharing in CORE to Linux in TrueNAS SCALE.
TrueNAS SCALE incorporates all the major TrueNAS CORE storage and sharing features with a web interface based on Debian GNU/Linux.
Because SCALE shares the same UI as the FreeBSD-based TrueNAS CORE, users might notice there are similarities.
However, SCALE does incorporate some differences, primarily in component naming.
TrueNAS SCALE automatically renames components, such as disks and interfaces, migrated from TrueNAS CORE, but does not modify the component Description.
For example, the Name of an interface identified as igb0 in TrueNAS CORE is updated to eno1 after migration to TrueNAS SCALE, but the Descriptionigb0 is retained.
This difference is purely cosmetic and does not affect functionality.
Disks
TrueNAS Core utilizes a numerical listing of drives in a system.
TrueNAS SCALE uses a lettered format for drive identification.
SCALE still labels NVMe drives with a numeric value.
Interfaces
TrueNAS CORE enumerates interface names using interface drivers, such as igb for Intel devices, followed by a number.
TrueNAS CORE Enterprise systems use ix followed by a number.
TrueNAS SCALE enumerates interface names using PCI locations. By default, SCALE systems identify their network ports with eno or enp followed by a number.
TrueNAS CORE identifies bonded interfaces or link aggregations with lagg followed by a number (lagg1).
TrueNAS SCALE uses bond followed by a number (bond1).
See the TrueNAS Systems section for lists of the default port names for each platform.
4.5 - ZFS Feature Flags Removed (obsolete)
(obsolete) Provides legacy information for users of a deprecated ZFS feature flag merged into TrueNAS SCALE 22.02 and removed in 22.12.
This content is obsolete and no longer relevant to TrueNAS users.
Please refer to major version release notes for updates concerning ZFS feature flags.
5 - Third-Party Data Migration
Provides instructions for TrueNAS Enterprise users migrating data from third-party NAS solutions to TrueNAS SCALE using the Syncthing App.
TrueNAS SCALE 24.04 (Dragonfish) adds functionality to mount remote SMB shares in a manner that preserves relevant metadata.
This allows users to migrate data from a third-party NAS solution onto TrueNAS SCALE using the Syncthing Enterprise application.
Syncthing Overview
Syncthing is a file synchronization application that provides a simple and secure environment for file sharing between different devices and locations.
Use it to synchronize files between different departments, teams, or remote workers.
Syncthing is tested and validated to work in harmony with TrueNAS platforms and underlying technologies such as ZFS to offer a turnkey means of keeping data across many systems.
It can seamlessly integrate with TrueNAS.
Syncthing does not use or need a central server or cloud storage.
All data is encrypted and synchronized directly between devices to ensure files are protected from unauthorized access.
Syncthing is easy to use and configure.
You can install on a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, MacOS, Linux, FreeBSD, iOS or Android.
The Syncthing web UI provides users with easy management and configuration of the application software.
How does Syncthing work?
Syncthing does not have a central directory or cache to manage.
It segments files into pieces called blocks.
These blocks transfer data from one device to another.
Multiple devices can share the synchronization load in a similar way to the torrent protocol.
With more devices and smaller blocks, devices receive data faster because all devices fetch blocks in parallel.
Syncthing renames files and updates metadata more efficiently because renaming does not cause a re-transmission of that file.
Temporary files store partial data downloaded from devices.
Temporary files are removed when a file transfer completes or after the configured amount of time elapses.
TrueNAS Enterprise
Third party data ingest is available to TrueNAS Enterprise customers with TrueNAS SCALE 24.04 (Dragonfish) and newer deployed as well as the appropriate applications license.
iXsystems Support staff are available to assist with deploying the Syncthing Enterprise Application and migrating data.
Please contact iXsystems Support to learn more and schedule a time to deploy the app and begin migration.
Contacting iXsystems Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
Data migration from a third-party NAS requires advance configuration of both the remote source and TrueNAS SCALE target.
Ensure the source NAS supports the SMB protocol version 3 or newer.
Older versions of the SMB protocol are not supported.
There is currently no support for SMB alternate data streams (ADS) used to store application specific metadata.
ADS support is planned for a future release of TrueNAS SCALE.
Plan for one-way migration of data from the source to the TrueNAS SCALE target.
Remote shares must be mounted read only.
Read-write configuration or bidirectional synchronization is not supported.
Configure both source and target systems with directory services and synchronize accounts.
All accounts referenced in NFSv4 ACLs and Windows Security Descriptors must be available on the TrueNAS server.
The remote NAS must not have any security information that references local NAS accounts rather than domain accounts.
Remove ACL entries that reference local accounts or non-domain users and groups prior to migration.
Mounting a remote NAS for data ingest purposes without a common identity source and agreement in place for handling local accounts is an unsupported configuration.
Process Overview
The process of setting up data migration from an external NAS to TrueNAS SCALE consists of:
Installing two instances of the Syncthing Enterprise app, configuring the first instance to ingest data from the external source and the second instance to write data to a local dataset on the target system.
Creating the target dataset for the data ingest on TrueNAS SCALE.
Configuring a Syncthing marker folder on the remote source.
Connecting the two Syncthing instances and initiating data sync.
Setting Up Data Migration
Install the first instance of the Syncthing Enterprise app on TrueNAS SCALE.
a. Go to Apps > Discover Apps, locate the Syncthing enterprise app widget.
Ensure the widget reflects the Enterprise train version of the app.
If the Enterprise version is not available, add the Enterprise train to the TRUENAS catalog.
Adding Enterprise Train Apps
Go to Apps and click on Discover Apps.
Click on Manage Catalogs at the top of the Discover screen to open the Catalog screen.
Click on the TRUENAS catalog to expand it, then click Edit to open the Edit Catalog screen.
Click in the Preferred Trains field, then select enterprise to add it to the list of trains.
Click Install to open the Install Syncthing screen.
b. To avoid name conflicts, use a unique name to indicate this Syncthing instance is mounting the remote share. For example Syncthing-ingest.
c. Accept the defaults in Version, Syncthing Configuration, and User and Group Configuration.
d. Deselect Host Network under Network Configuration. Default ports can be used for this Syncthing instance.
e. Select ixVolume (Dataset created automatically by the system) or configure an existing host path for Syncthing Home Storage under Storage Configuration.
f. Select SMB Share (Mounts a persistent volume claim to a SMB share) from the Type dropdown for Additional Storage.
Enter a clear identifying name, such as INGEST, and click Save.
Create a new dataset on TrueNAS SCALE to be the target for the data ingest, for example /mnt/tank/ingest.
Click Advanced Options and set ACL Type to SMB/NFSv4.
Set ACL Mode to Restricted.
Install the second instance of the Syncthing Enterprise app on TrueNAS SCALE.
a. Go to Apps > Discover Apps, locate the Syncthing enterprise app widget.
Ensure the widget reflects the Enterprise train version of the app.
b. To avoid name conflicts, use a unique name to indicate this Syncthing instance is writing to a local dataset. For example Syncthing-migrate.
c. Accept the defaults in Version, Syncthing Configuration, and User and Group Configuration.
d. Deselect Host Network under Network Configuration.
Use non-default ports for this Syncthing instance that differ from the configured ports on the first instance.
e. Select ixVolume (Dataset created automatically by the system) or configure an existing host path for Syncthing Home Storage under Storage Configuration.
f. Select Host Path (Path that already exists on the system) from the Type dropdown for Additional Storage.
Enter or browse to select the Host Path for the target dataset created in step 3.
Enter a clear identifying name, such as MIGRATE, and click Save
Configure a Syncthing marker folder on the remote source.
By default, Syncthing places a hidden folder, called .stfolder, on the root of each share.
This folder allows Syncthing to confirm that the volume is properly mounted.
Syncthing cannot sync without a marker folder.
As the remote SMB share is mounted read-only, Syncthing is not be able to create this marker folder.
There are two ways to manually configure a marker folder:
Manually create a hidden folder named .stfolder at the root level of the remote share.
Access the root directory of the remote source from a client that has read-write access to create the folder.
or
Access the Syncthing UI for the ingest instance.
Click Actions in the top toolbar and select Advanced to open the Advanced Configuration screen.
Select the ingest folder and change Marker Name from .stfolder to another folder or file that is present on the remote source.
a. Copy the device ID from the first Syncthing instance UI.
Click Actions in the top toolbar and select Show ID to open the Device Identification screen.
Click Copy.
b. Add a remote device on the UI of the second Syncthing instance.
Click Add Remote Device and paste in the device ID copied from the first instance.
Click Advanced.
Enter the device address and port for the first Syncthing instance, in the format
tcp://ip:port.
c. Repeat steps a and b in the opposite direction to add a remote device to the first Syncthing instance using the device ID, IP address, and port of the second instance.
Initiate migration.
Access the Syncthing UI for the first instance.
Click Edit on the remote SMB folder created during step 2.
Click Sharing and select the migrate instance. Click Save.
Syncthing begins syncing data from the remote source to the ingest dataset on TrueNAS SCALE.
6 - Configuration Instructions
Information on configuring TrueNAS SCALE after installation.
This section provides instructions for users that are configuring TrueNAS SCALE for the first time.
TrueNAS Enterprise
TrueNAS SCALE Enterprise customers should contact iXsystems Support for assistance with the initial set up and configuration of their systems.
Contacting iX Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
After completing the installation process, you can either use the Console setup menu to reconfigure the primary network interface with a static IP address or use the SCALE UI to make network changes and complete the initial configuration.
Configuring your system includes:
Setting up your first pool
Setting up data sharing
Setting up backup for the system and your stored data
Configuration Articles
Logging Into SCALE the First Time: Guides with configuring web interface access and logging in to the TrueNAS SCALE web interface for the first time.
Configuring SCALE Using the UI: Provides a sequential process to complete SCALE initial configuration using the SCALE UI.
Setting Up Storage: Provides basic instructions for setting up your first storage pool and dataset or zvol.
Setting Up Data Sharing: Provides general information on setting up basic data sharing on TrueNAS SCALE.
Backing Up TrueNAS: Provides general information and instructions on setting up data storage backup solutions, saving the system configuration and initial system debug files, and creating a boot environment.
Guides with configuring web interface access and logging in to the TrueNAS SCALE web interface for the first time.
Now that you have installed TrueNAS SCALE or migrated from TrueNAS CORE to SCALE, you can log into the SCALE web user interface (UI) to complete your initial system configuration and begin managing data!
Use only the web user interface (UI) to make configuration changes to the system.
By default, using the LINUX shell command-line interface (CLI) to modify the system does not modify the settings database.
After a system restart, changes made in the CLI revert to the original database settings, wiping away any user-made command line changes.
Web Interface Access
TrueNAS automatically creates several ways to access the UI, but you might need to adjust the default settings for your network environment.
By default, a fresh install of TrueNAS SCALE provides a default address for logging in to the web interface.
To view the web interface IP address or reconfigure web interface access, either connect a monitor and keyboard to your TrueNAS system or connect with IPMI for out-of-band system management.
When powering on a TrueNAS system, the system attempts to connect to a DHCP server from all live interfaces to access the web UI.
On networks that support Multicast Domain Name Services (mDNS), the system can use a host name and domain to access the TrueNAS web interface.
By default, TrueNAS uses the host name and domain truenas.local.
To change the host name and domain in the web interface, go to Network and click Settings on the Global Configuration widget.
To access the web interface using an IP address, either use the DHCP-assigned IP address displayed at the top of the Console Setup menu after installing SCALE or use the static IP address you assigned using the Console Setup menu.
TrueNAS Enterprise
SCALE Enterprise (HA) systems have specific network configuration requirements.
Installing TrueNAS SCALE on High Availability (HA) systems and configuring networking is complicated and should be guided by Enterprise-level support.
Contact iXsystems Support for assistance whenever attempting to install TrueNAS SCALE on Enterprise HA hardware or configure network settings.
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
Use a computer with access to the same network as the TrueNAS system.
Enter the host name and domain or IP address assigned to the primary network interface in a web browser to connect to the SCALE web interface.
The browser used to access the SCALE UI can impact the quality of your user experience. We generally recommend using Firefox, Edge, or Chrome.
Starting with SCALE Bluefin 22.12.0, root account logins are deprecated for security hardening and to comply with Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS).
All TrueNAS users should create a local administrator account with all required permissions and begin using it to access TrueNAS.
When the root user password is disabled, only an administrative user account can log in to the TrueNAS web interface.
TrueNAS SCALE plans to permanently disable root account access in a future release.
With the implementation of administrator accounts, the root user is no longer the default administrator username.
Based on the method used to install SCALE, you can be presented with different first-time login scenarios, each described below.
Clean Installing SCALE
When installing SCALE from an iso file, and based on the authentication method selected in step 4 of the SCALE TrueNAS installer process, you can see a different sign-in screen for the web UI and need to use different login credentials.
Selecting 1. Administrative user (admin) opens the standard SCALE sign-in screen where you enter the new admin username and password created during installation.
The root user password is disabled by default. We recommend this option, as it creates the required administrative user and disables the root user password, and which brings the system into compliance with FIPS security hardening standards.
The root user still exists but with the password disabled by default, which means only the admin user can log into the system.
You can activate the password for the root user for some limited uses, but you should return to a security-hardened operation by disabling the root password immediately after you finish with the limited use.
Selecting 2. Root user (not recommended) opens the standard SCALE sign-in screen where you enter the root username and the root password created during installation.
After logging in with the root user credentials, you must immediately create the admin user account and then disable the root user password to comply with FIPS security hardening standards.
The root user still exists but with the password disabled by default.
This means only an administrative user can log into the system.
You can activate the password for the root user for some limited uses, but you should return to a security-hardened operation by disabling the root password immediately after you finish with the limited use.
Selecting 3. Configure using Web UI opens a SCALE sign-in screen with two options. Select the option to either create the admin or root user and password.
If creating and logging in as the admin user, after logging in you must immediately disable the root user password to comply with FIPS security hardening standards.
If creating and logging in as the root user, after logging in you must create the admin user and then immediately disable the root user password to comply with FIPS security hardening standards.
The root user still exists but with the password disabled by default, which means only the admin user can log into the system.
You can activate the password for the root user for some limited uses, but you should return to a security-hardened operation by disabling the root password immediately after you finish with the limited use.
Upgrading from SCALE Early Releases
Early releases of SCALE (Angelfish and pre-22.12.3 Bluefin release) use the root user credentials to log into the system.
After upgrading from an earlier release, use the existing root user credentials to log into SCALE.
After logging in with the root user credentials, you must immediately create the admin user account and then disable the root user password to comply with FIPS security hardening standards.
The root user still exists but with the password disabled by default.
This means only an administrative user can log into the system.
You can activate the password for the root user for some limited uses, but you should return to a security-hardened operation by disabling the root password immediately after you finish with the limited use.
Migrating/Upgrading from CORE to SCALE
TrueNAS Enterprise
Customers with a TrueNAS Enterprise High Availability (HA) system should review Migration Preparation, Enterprise HA Migrations, and consult with iXsystems Support before migrating from TrueNAS CORE to SCALE.
For non-HA systems, there are two possible scenarios when migrating from CORE to SCALE:
Clean installing SCALE using the iso file and then uploading the CORE configuration file.
Using the CORE Update UI option to upgrade to SCALE.
If performing a clean install using the SCALE iso file, after installing SCALE and uploading the CORE configuration file, your SCALE network settings get overwritten by the CORE config file uploaded so you cannot use the new IP address and admin user to access to the web UI.
Use the CORE IP address and root credentials to access the UI.
See Migrating CORE to SCALE for instructions on recovering the new network settings and access to the UI, and recreating the administrator account.
If using the CORE Update UI option, log into SCALE with the CORE root user credentials.
After logging in with the root user credentials, you must immediately create the admin user account and then disable the root user password to comply with FIPS security hardening standards.
The root user still exists but with the password disabled by default.
This means only an administrative user can log into the system.
You can activate the password for the root user for some limited uses, but you should return to a security-hardened operation by disabling the root password immediately after you finish with the limited use.
Logging In as Admin
After setting up the admin user from one of the scenarios documented above, enter admin and the password to log into SCALE.
To modify user credentials, go to Credentials > Local Users, click anywhere on the user row, then click Edit.
For more information, see Managing Users.
Logging In as Root
If logging in with the root user credentials, enter root as the user and the root password.
After logging in with the root user credentials, you must immediately create the admin user account and then disable the root user password to comply with FIPS security hardening standards.
The root user still exists but with the password disabled by default.
This means only an administrative user can log into the system.
You can activate the password for the root user for some limited uses, but you should return to a security-hardened operation by disabling the root password immediately after you finish with the limited use.
Follow the directions in Managing Users to create an admin user with all required settings.
Creating an Administrator Account at First Log in
If you selected the SCALE installation option 3. Configure using Web UI, the sign-in screen shows two authentication methods.
One allows you to log in as root or you can create the administration account.
Select either the Administrative user or Root user (not recommended) option, then enter the password to use with that user.
If you choose Root user (not recommended) as the TrueNAS authentication method, go to the Credentials > Local Users screen and create the admin account immediately after you enter the UI.
Enter the admin user name and password, make sure the password is enabled, and click Save.
After setting up the admin user, click on the root user and then click Edit. Disable the root user password and then click Save.
This brings the system into compliance with FIPS system security-hardening standards.
Troubleshooting Accessing the Web UI
If you cannot remember the administrator password to log in to the web interface, connect a keyboard and mouse to the TrueNAS system and open the Console Setup menu to reset the admin account password.
UI is not accessible by IP address
If the user interface is not accessible by IP address from a browser, check the following:
If the browser configuration has proxy settings enabled, disable them and try connecting again.
If the page does not load, ensure a ping reaches the TrueNAS system IP address.
If the IP address is in a private range, you must access it from within that private network.
UI displays but seems unresponsive
If the web interface displays but seems unresponsive or incomplete:
Make sure the browser allows cookies, Javascript, and custom fonts from the TrueNAS system.
Try a different browser. We recommend Firefox, Edge, or Chrome.
If the UI becomes unresponsive after an upgrade or other system operation, clear the site data and refresh the browser (Shift+F5).
After logging in for the first time, the main system Dashboard screen displays.
The Dashboard shows different system information cards (widgets) with basic information about the installed version, systems component usage, network traffic, and configured pools or storage usage.
TrueNAS Enterprise
SCALE Enterprise users with an iXsystems-provided TrueNAS server also see an image of the system in the System Information widget. Click on the system image to open the System Settings > View Enclosure screen.
The Dashboard for non-Enterprise systems displays the TrueNAS SCALE logo on the System Information widget.
You can reorder dashboard widgets by clicking Reorder and then dragging them into your preferred order. You can also choose which widgets appear on the dashboard by clicking Configure.
The top row (toolbar) has links to outside resources and buttons to control the system.
The left-hand panel lists the main feature and functional areas and lets users navigate to the various TrueNAS configuration screens.
Top Toolbar
The SCALE top navigation top toolbar provides access to functional areas of the UI that you might want to directly access while on other screens in the UI.
Icon buttons provide quick access to dropdown lists of options, dropdown panels with information on system alerts or tasks, and can include access to other information or configuration screens.
It also shows the name of admin user currently logged into the system to the left of the Settings and Power icons.
You can also collapse or expand the main function menu on the left side of the screen.
The iXsystems logo opens the iXsystems home page where users can find information about iXsystems storage and server systems.
Users can also use the iXsystems home page to access their customer portal and the community section for support.
Send Feedback
The Send Feedback icon opens a feedback window.
Alternately, go to System Settings > General, find the Support widget, and click File Ticket to see the feedback window.
The feedback window allows users to send page ratings, comments, and report issues or suggest improvements directly to the TrueNAS development team.
Submitting a bug report requires a free Atlassian account.
Click between the tabs at the top of the window to see options for your specific feedback.
Rate this page
Use the Rate this page tab to quickly review and provide comments on the currently active TrueNAS user interface screen.
You can include a screenshot of the current page and/or upload additional images with your comments.
Report a bug
Use the Report a bug tab to notify the development team when a TrueNAS screen or feature is not working as intended.
For example, report a bug when a middleware error and traceback appears while saving a configuration change.
Enter a descriptive summary in the Subject.
TrueNAS can show a list of existing Jira tickets with similar summaries.
When there is an existing ticket about the issue, consider clicking on that ticket and leaving a comment instead of creating a new one.
Duplicate tickets are closed in favor of consolidating feedback into one report.
Enter details about the issue in the Message.
Keep the details concise and focused on how to reproduce the issue, what the expected result of the action is, and what the actual result of the action was.
This helps ensure a speedy ticket resolution.
Include system debug and screenshot files to also speed up the issue resolution.
Bug Reports from Enterprise Licensed Systems
TrueNAS Enterprise
When an Enterprise license is applied to the system, the Report a bug tab has additional environment and contact information fields for sending bug reports directly to iXsystems.
Click on History to open the Tasks screen with lists of all successful, active, and failed jobs.
Click on the All, Active, or Failed button at the top of the screen to show the log of jobs that fit that classification.
Click View next to a task to see the log information and error message for that task.
The Alertsnotifications icon displays a list of current alert notifications.
To remove an alert notification click Dismiss below it or use Dismiss All Alerts to remove all notifications from the list.
Use the settings icon to display the Alerts dropdown list with two options: Alert Settings and Email.
Select Alert Settings to add or edit existing system alert services and configure alert options such as the warning level and frequency and how the system notifies you.
See Alerts Settings Screens for more information.
TrueNAS Enterprise
The Alert Settings Screens article includes information about the SCALE Enterprise high availability (HA) alert settings.
Select Email to configure the method for the system to send email reports and alerts.
See Setting Up System Email for information about configuring the system email service and alert emails.
Settings
The Settingsaccount_circle icon opens a dropdown list of options for passwords, API keys, and TrueNAS information.
Change Password
Click on the Change Passworddialpad icon button to display the change password dialog where you can enter a new password for the currently logged-in user.
Click on the visibility_off icon to display entered passwords.
To stop displaying the password, click on the visibility icon.
API Keys
Click on API Keyslaptop to add an API key.
API keys identify an outside resource or application without a principal.
For example, when adding a new system to TrueCommand if you are required to add an API key to authenticate the system.
Use this function to create an API key for this purpose.
Click API Docs to access the API documentation portal with information on TrueNAS SCALE API commands.
See API Keys for more information on adding or managing API keys.
Guide and About
Click on Guidelibrary_books to open the TrueNAS Documentation Hub in a new tab.
Click on About to display the information window with links to the TrueNAS Documentation Hub, TrueNAS Community Forums, FreeNAS Open Source Storage Appliance GitHub repository, and iXsystems home page.
Click the Powerpower_settings_new button to open the dropdown list of power options.
Options are Log Out which logs you out of the SCALE UI but does not power off the system, Restart which logs you out of the SCALE UI and restarts the server, or Shut Down which logs you out of the SCALE UI and powers off the system as though you pressed the power button on the physical server.
With the implementation of administrator roles, the power options displayed could be locked based on the level of privileges for the administrator role.
The local administrator has access to all three power options.
The Read-Only and Sharing Manager admin roles only have access to the Log Out option.
The other power options display with a lock icon indicating the function is not permitted.
Managing Sessions
The Power icon power_settings_new on the far right side of the top toolbar shows power-related settings as described in the Top Toolbar Power options section above.
To monitor and manage all active sessions, go to System Settings > Advanced and locate the Access widget.
Next Steps
With access to the TrueNAS SCALE web interface and all the management options, you can begin configuring your system!
6.2 - Configuring SCALE Using the UI
Provides a sequential process to complete SCALE initial configuration using the SCALE UI.
TrueNAS Enterprise
iXsystems TrueNAS Enterprise customers should contact iXsystems Support after their systems arrive to receive additional guidance on their next steps.
Contacting Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
TrueNAS SCALE users should follow the instructions provided below to complete the initial setup and configuration of their systems.
Use the information mentioned in the installation preparation instructions article for your SCALE installation type (Enterprise, non-Enterprise, or home use) to configure your network, SMTP, or directory service settings.
Starting with SCALE Bluefin 22.12.0, root account logins are deprecated for security hardening and to comply with Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS).
All TrueNAS users should create a local administrator account with all required permissions and begin using it to access TrueNAS.
When the root user password is disabled, only an administrative user account can log in to the TrueNAS web interface.
TrueNAS SCALE plans to permanently disable root account access in a future release.
After logging into SCALE as admin, you can begin configuring SCALE using the web interface.
Enterprise Licenses and Proactive Support
TrueNAS Enterprise
Applying Enterprise Licenses
TrueNAS SCALE Enterprise customers should contact iXsystems support to obtain license information for their TrueNAS system.
To apply the license information, go to the System Settings > General screen and use the Update License option on the Support widget (system information card).
Setting up Proactive Support
TrueNAS SCALE Enterprise customers with Silver or Gold Coverage support contracts have the option to configure proactive support.
Customers with appropriate support contracts can configure Proactive Support after they apply their system license, and after acknowledging and signing the End User License Agreement (EULA).
The Support widget on the System Settings > General screen displays the Proactive Support option after entering your system license.
Setting Up Networking
TrueNAS uses DHCP to assign the IP address required to access the SCALE UI and displays it on the Console Setup Menu screen, and it sets the host name to truenas.
If you do not plan to use the DHCP-assigned network addresses provided by SCALE, identify your host and domain names, the static or fixed IP addresses you plan to assign to your network interface card(s), the default gateway, subnet mask(s), and the DNS name servers in your network.
TrueNAS Enterprise
For Enterprise systems, have your network information ready to provide iXsystems Support when they guide you through your configuration.
All other users should have their network information ready before starting to configure network settings. This makes the process go faster and reduces the risk of issues when you configure SCALE.
We recommend that only experienced administrators familiar with network configuration and the Console setup menu use it and that less experienced and knowledgeable system administrators use the SCALE UI to configure your network interfaces and other network configuration settings.
The TrueNAS SCALE UI includes safety measures to prevent you from completely disrupting network connectivity for your TrueNAS SCALE if you make a mistake with network interface settings.
If you are unfamiliar with network services, devices, or configurations, you can find more information here to help guide you through this important and required configuration area.
TrueNAS Enterprise
You must disable failover in the UI on SCALE Enterprise HA systems to add or change any network setting. Complete network changes and test them, then re-enable failover.
Adding Network Interfaces
Multiple interfaces connected to a single TrueNAS system cannot be members of the same subnet.
You can combine multiple interfaces with link aggregation (LAGG) or a network bridge.
Alternatively, you can assign multiple static IP addresses to a single interface by configuring aliases.
Click for more information
When multiple network interface cards (NICs) connect to the same subnet, users might incorrectly assume that the interfaces automatically load balance.
However, ethernet network topology allows only one interface to communicate at a time.
Additionally, both interfaces must handle broadcast messages since they are listening on the same network.
This configuration adds complexity and significantly reduces network throughput.
If you require multiple NICs on a single network for performance optimization, you can use a link aggregation (LAGG) configured with Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP).
A single LAGG interface with multiple NICs appears as a single connection to the network.
While LACP is beneficial for larger deployments with many active clients, it might not be practical for smaller setups.
It provides additional bandwidth or redundancy for critical networking situations.
However LACP has limitations as it does not load balance packets.
On the other hand, if you need multiple IP addresses on a single subnet, you can configure one or more static IP aliases for a single NIC.
In summary, we recommend using LACP if you need multiple interfaces on a network.
If you need multiple IP addresses, define aliases. Deviation from these practices might result in unexpected behavior.
For a detailed explanation of ethernet networking concepts and best practices for networking multiple NICs, refer to this discussion from National Instruments.
If your system has more than one network interface card (NIC) connected to your internal network (wired to your router or Internet access point), you can add an interface in SCALE.
DHCP is available for only a single interface; any other physical interfaces must be configured with static IP addresses.
You can also configure virtual network interfaces such as a bridge, link aggregate (LAGG), or virtual LAN (VLAN) interface.
Static IP addresses and aliases provide support for various network applications.
TrueNAS Enterprise
SCALE Enterprise HA systems use a virtual IP (VIP) to maintain access to the UI if the system fails over to the standby controller.
This VIP address might experience a minor blip at failover, but you do not need to log in with the standby controller IP address to gain access to the UI after a failover.
You can configure a network interface with a static IP or add an alias IP address on the same screen in the SCALE UI.
For more information on when to use an alias or a static IP address, see Managing Interfaces.
Setting Up Storage
TrueNAS SCALE requires at least one storage pool.
We recommend creating the required pool and then planning the rest of your storage needs before adding sharing, container applications, virtual machines, or data storage.
When planning your data storage, consider the type of data sharing you want to do, any container applications you might want to deploy, and how you want to organize stored data.
The storage creation process begins with creating a pool and then adding datasets or zvols as needed.
Creating your initial storage is explained here.
Setting the System Dataset
SCALE assigns the root parent dataset of the first created pool as the system dataset.
If your system has enough disks to add more pools, you can change the system dataset to a root dataset of a different pool.
Setting Up Shares
After setting up your system storage, you can configure data sharing using one of the sharing protocols available in SCALE.
These articles provide more information on configuring data sharing and the three built-in share types available in SCALE:
Set this service to allow SSH login for administration users (admin or, if also enabled, the root user) on all SCALE systems.
All SCALE systems that need SSH access should enable SSH service as part of the initial UI configuration, but this is an area of security vulnerability.
For security hardening, do not enable SSH and leave it activated at all times.
Turn on the service when SSH access is needed and then turn it back off until it is needed again.
SMART service and SMART tests
SMART service and tests are important for systems with large numbers of disks.
Managing systems with large numbers of disks can present challenges when determining the disk with issues if SMART service and testing are not set up.
Failover service on SCALE Enterprise High Availability (HA) systems
The failover service enables an HA system to fail over to the standby system controller after a disruption to the primary controller.
This service is not included on non-Enterprise and non-HA systems.
Enterprise customers should not make changes to failover settings or the service on their own except when disabling failover to make changes to network settings.
Contact iXsystems Support for assistance before making any changes to other failover settings.
When you add data sharing, the system prompts you to enable the appropriate sharing service as part of the configuration and setup process.
If your installation includes a UPS, configure and enable the UPS service.
Setting Up SMART Testing
All systems can take advantage of the SMART service and testing with compatible attached disks.
Disks that do not support SMART testing do not display the option to set up testing.
See Managing SMART Tests for information on running or managing scheduled SMART tests or Managing Disks for more information on running a manual test from a selected disk.
Setting Up Backup Solutions
After completing your initial system configuration and before you begin day-to-day operations, we recommend configuring the system and data storage backup. Recommended backup options:
Saving or creating a new boot environment to use as a restore point if system issues cause you to lose access to the SCALE UI.
Downloading a system debug to capture system information to use as a comparison against future debug files.
To download a system debug file, go to System Settings > Advanced and click Save Debug to begin the download.
Keep both the system configuration file and the initial system debug file in a safe location where important files are regularly backed up.
You can use the boot environment in an SSH session to restore your system to the point where you completed your system configuration, and then import data or pools to recover stored data.
TrueNAS Enterprise
For Enterprise customers with High Availability (HA) systems, the HA restore process requires recovering both controllers.
Contact iXsystems Support for assistance before attempting to recover your system.
If you choose to restore access to controller 1 and the SCALE UI, contact iXsystems Support to get assistance with properly recovering your second controller.
Enterprise HA customers should not start issuing CLI commands to recover the system!
Contact iXsystems Support after you restore access to controller 1 to request further assistance and before taking actions that can disrupt or damage system access further and result in requiring a complete reinstall to recover.
Contact iXsystems Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
Another option is to create an account with a cloud storage service provider, then let SCALE manage the backups.
Use the Backup Credentials screen Cloud Credentials to add authentication credentials for a supported cloud service provider, and go to Data Protection to schedule a Cloud Sync Tasks that regularly backs up your storage data to the cloud.
Checking System Alert Settings and Services
You can view system alerts, configure an alert service, and enter an email account to receive alerts from SCALE through the Alerts icon found on the top toolbar.
Configuring Alerts
The alert icon on the top toolbar displays a red circle with a number in it if SCALE encounters a configuration error or exceeds a threshold that you set (such as a temperature or a usage level).
The number indicates how many new alerts have occurred.
Click on the alert icon to open the Alerts panel.
The Alerts panel includes the Settings (gear) icon that provides access to the alert settings screen where you configure alert types and thresholds, and a system email option that opens a configuration screen where you enter an address to receive messages for a system event triggered by an alert.
Click Alert Settings to configure an alert service such as PagerDuty or customize alert settings such as type and threshold for triggering an alert.
Click Email to assign an email address to receive system alert notifications.
TrueNAS Enterprise
The Alert Settings screen includes access to the Enterprise HA setting options that customize HA-related event thresholds that produce alerts or send emails.
Setting Up Directory Services
TrueNAS SCALE allows you to configure an Active Directory or LDAP server to handle authentication and authorization services, domain, and other account settings.
SCALE allows configuring either directory server but not both.
We do not recommend switching between directory services as this can result in configuration issues that can disrupt your system!
However, it is possible to change from either directory service to the other.
If you want to migrate from LDAP to Active Directory, you must disable LDAP in SCALE and then remove the current directory server settings.
To change from Active Directory to LDAP, use the Leave Domain option and then disable the service before attempting to configure and enable LDAP.
TrueNAS Enterprise
iXsystems Support can assist Enterprise customers with configuring directory service settings in SCALE with the information customers provide, but they cannot configure customer Active Directory system settings.
Non-Enterprise users can find support for configuring directory services in the TrueNAS Documentation Hub tutorials or in the community forums.
Using Enclosure Management
TrueNAS Enterprise
For TrueNAS Enterprise customers with compatible hardware, the TrueNAS SCALE main Dashboard displays an image of the TrueNAS system server on the System Information widget.
Click on the image to open the View Enclosure screen, or select the System Settings > Enclosure option on the main menu navigation panel.
The View Enclosure screen provides details on the system disks, the pools and VDEVs disks are in, the hardware details, and the disk status.
Click on a drive to view the disk details.
If the TrueNAS system has an expansion shelf, the Enclosure screen also displays an image of the expansion shelf populated with disks.
If using SCALE on servers not provided by TrueNAS, the System Information widget on the Dashboard displays the TrueNAS SCALE logo, and the System Settings > Enclosure option does not exist on the menu navigation panel.
Using Applications in SCALE
SCALE provides an official catalog of applications you can deploy on the Apps > Discover screen.
See the Apps tutorials for procedures on generically deploying and managing apps, app catalogs and images, custom apps, and specific app deployments and notes.
Updating SCALE
You can update your system with an iso file using the system administration console or an update file installed through the SCALE UI.
There are a few ways to find available updates for your instance of TrueNAS SCALE:
The main Dashboard > System Information widget alerts you when a SCALE update is available to download and install.
Click the update option to open the System Settings > Updates screen.
Go to System Settings > Updates to check if an update is available.
For all update options and procedures using the SCALE UI see Updating SCALE.
Always save the system configuration file and save a new boot environment for your current release and configuration before updating to a new incremental or full release.
It is also good practice to download a fresh debug file before and after a system update.
6.3 - Setting Up Storage
Provides basic instructions for setting up your first storage pool and dataset or zvol.
Now that you are logged in to the web interface, it is time to set up TrueNAS storage.
These instructions describe a simple mirrored pool setup, where half the selected disks are used for storage and the other half for data protection.
However, there are many configuration possibilities for your storage environment!
At minimum, the system needs at least two disks of identical size to create a mirrored storage pool.
While a single-disk pool is technically allowed, it is not recommended.
The disk used for the TrueNAS installation does not count toward this minimum.
You can configure data backups in several ways and have different requirements.
Backing data up in the cloud requires a 3rd party cloud storage provider account.
Backing up with replication requires you to have additional storage on the TrueNAS system or (ideally) another TrueNAS system in a different location.
Setting Up Storage
Your system must have at least one storage pool configured.
After installing SCALE, enter the IP address assigned by DHCP (displayed in the Console Setup Menu) into a browser window to access the SCALE sign-in splash screen.
Log in to SCALE.
Begin by configuring your first storage pool.
See Creating Storage Pools for more information on how to plan for and create pools in SCALE.
If you want to create additional pools with other disks not assigned to a pool, you can do that now or as you have a need for them.
Creating a Storage Pool
Click Create Pool to open the Pool Creation Wizard.
Pool Creation Wizard Fields (Click to expand)
This wizard screen lets you configure a VDEV using the Automated Disk Selection fields.
To individually find and select disks for a VDEV, click Manual Disk Selection in the Advanced Options area.
Choosing a dRAID VDEV layout removes the Manual Disk Selection button and adds different options to the Automated Disk Selection area.
It also removes the Spare VDEV section from the pool creation wizard and replaces it with the Distributed Hot Spares option in the Data VDEV section.
Designates that each disk is used sequentially in the VDEV.
Requires at least one disk and has no redundancy.
A data VDEV with a stripe layout irretrievably loses all stored data if a single disk in the VDEV fails.
Not recommended for data VDEVs storing critical data.
Mirror
Denotes that each disk in the VDEV stores an exact data copy.
Requires at least 2 disks in the VDEV.
Storage capacity is the size of a single disk in the VDEV.
RAIDZ and dRAID
Each of these layouts has 1, 2, and 3 options.
The options indicate the number of disks reserved for data parity and the number of disks that can fail in the VDEV without data loss to the pool.
For example, a RAIDZ2 layout reserves two additional disks for parity, and two disks can fail without data loss.
Automated Disk Selection - Stripe, Mirror, and RAIDZ layouts
Select the disk size from the list that displays. The list shows disks by size in GiB and type (SSD or HDD).
Treat Disk Size as Minimum
Select to use disks of the size selected in Disk Size or larger. If not selected, only disks of the size selected in Disk Size are used.
Width
Select the number of disks from the options provided on the dropdown list.
Number of VDEVs
Select the number of VDEVs from the options provided on the dropdown list.
Automated Disk Selection - dRAID layouts
Similar to RAIDZ, dRAID layout numbers (1, 2, or 3) indicate the parity level and how many disks can fail without data loss to the pool.
TrueNAS defaults to allocating 10 disks minimum as dRAID VDEV in Children.
If creating a data VDEV with fewer than 10 disks, using a RAIDZ layout is strongly recommended for better performance and capacity optimization.
Setting
Description
Disk Size
Select the disk size from the list that displays. The list shows disks by size in GiB and type (SSD or HDD).
Treat Disk Size as Minimum
Select to use disks of the size selected in Disk Size or larger. If not selected, only disks of the size selected in Disk Size are used.
Data Devices
Data stripe width for the VDEV. Select the number of disks from the options provided on the dropdown list. TrueNAS recommends that dRAID layouts have data devices allocated in multiples of 2.
Distributed Hot Spares
Number of disk areas to actively provide spare capacity to the entire VDEV. These areas are active within the pool and function in of adding a Spare VDEV to the pool. It is recommended to set this to at least 1. The Distributed Hot Spares number cannot be modified after the pool is created.
Children
The total number of disks to allocate in the dRAID VDEV. The field selection and options update dynamically based on the chosen dRAID Layout, Disk Size, Data Devices, and Distributed Hot Spares. Increasing the number of Children in the dRAID VDEV can reduce the options for Number of VDEVs.
Number of VDEVs
Select the number of VDEVs from the options provided on the dropdown list. Options are populated dynamically depending on the selections made in all the other fields.
Enter a name of up to 50 lowercase alpha-numeric characters.
Use only the permitted special characters that conform to ZFS naming conventions.
The pool name contributes to the maximum character length for datasets, so it is limited to 50 characters.
You cannot change the pool name after creation.
Create the required data VDEV.
Select the layout from the Layout dropdown list, then either use the Automated Disk Selection fields to select and add the disks, or click Manual Disk Selection to add specific disks to the chosen Layout.
dRAID layouts do not show the Manual Disk Selection button but do show additional Automated Disk Selection fields.
When configuring a dRAID data VDEV, first choose a Disk Size then select a Data Devices number.
The remaining fields update based on the Data Devices and dRAID layout selections.
Click Save And Go To Review if you do not want to add other VDEV types to the pool, or click Next to move to the next wizard screens.
Add any other optional VDEVs as determined by your specific storage redundancy and performance requirements.
Click Create Pool on the Review wizard screen to add the pool.
The root dataset of the first pool you create automatically becomes the system dataset.
After adding your first pool, you can move on to creating datasets for data sharing, applications you plan to deploy, or other use cases.
Adding Datasets or Zvols
New pools have a root dataset that allows further division into new non-root parent and child datasets or into storage volumes (zvols).
A dataset is a file system that stores data and has specific permissions.
A zvol is a virtual block device (like a virtual disk drive) that has a predefined storage size.
Zvols are generally used with the iSCSI sharing protocol and also virtual machines (VMs) for their data storage needs.
To create a dataset or zvol, you can click Datasets on the main navigation panel or go to Storage and click Manage Datasets on the Usage widget for a specific pool to open the Datasets screen.
To create a basic dataset, go to Datasets.
Default settings include those inherited from the parent dataset.
Select a dataset (root, parent, or child), then click Add Dataset.
Select the Dataset Preset option you want to use. Options are:
Generic for non-SMB share datasets such as iSCSI and NFS share datasets or datasets not associated with application storage.
Multiprotocol for datasets optimized for SMB and NFS multi-mode shares or to create a dataset for NFS shares.
SMB for datasets optimized for SMB shares.
Apps for datasets optimized for application storage.
Generic sets ACL permissions equivalent to Unix permissions 755, granting the owner full control and the group and other users read and execute privileges.
SMB, Apps, and Multiprotocol inherit ACL permissions based on the parent dataset.
If there is no ACL to inherit, one is calculated granting full control to the owner@, group@, members of the builtin_administrators group, and domain administrators.
Modify control is granted to other members of the builtin_users group and directory services domain users.
Apps includes an additional entry granting modify control to group 568 (Apps).
ACL Settings for Dataset Presets
ACL Type
ACL Mode
Case Sensitivity
Enable atime
Generic
POSIX
n/a
Sensitive
Inherit
SMB
NFSv4
Restricted
Insensitive
On
Apps
NFSv4
Passthrough
Sensitive
Off
Multiprotocol
NFSv4
Passthrough
Sensitive
Off
If creating an SMB or multi-protocol (SMB and NFS) share the dataset name value auto-populates the share name field with the dataset name.
If you plan to deploy container applications, the system automatically creates the ix-applications dataset, but this dataset is not used for application data storage.
If you want to store data by application, create the dataset(s) first, then deploy your application.
When creating a dataset for an application, select Apps as the Dataset Preset. This optimizes the dataset for use by an application.
If you want to configure advanced setting options, click Advanced Options.
For the Sync option, we recommend production systems with critical data use the default Standard choice or increase to Always.
Choosing Disabled is only suitable in situations where data loss from system crashes or power loss is acceptable.
Select either Sensitive or Insensitive from the Case Sensitivity dropdown.
The Case Sensitivity setting is found under Advanced Options and is not editable after saving the dataset.
Click Save.
Review the Dataset Preset and Case Sensitivity under Advanced Options on the Add Dataset screen before clicking Save.
You cannot change these or the Name setting after clicking Save.
Organize the pool with as many datasets or zvols you need according to your access and data sharing requirements before moving data into the pool.
TrueNAS provides the option to create the dataset and share at the same time.
The Add Dataset screen allows you to create the new dataset and use a preset to configure an SMB, NFS, or multi-mode share.
The Shares screen also provides options to add an SMB or NFS share and create the dataset at the same time.
Do not set up sharing on the root dataset!
Creating a share that uses the root dataset causes all types of problems with permissions, and is not a best practice.
Rather, create or select a dataset that is a child of the root dataset and that is specifically created to share.
To create a dataset and share from the Add Dataset screen:
First click on the parent dataset row, then click Add Dataset.
Enter the name for the dataset.
Select the Dataset Preset option to use.
Based on the option selected, for example, selecting SMB, the screen populates the Share Name field with the name give to the dataset.
Click Save. TrueNAS creates the dataset and the share.
Configure permissions for the share. If you have created the share user, set up the share ACL permissions when prompted.
If you are not ready to configure the share permissions, exit to the main Datasets screen.
You can modify share dataset permissions later after adding the share user(s) by either selecting the dataset row, then clicking Edit on the Permissions widget. See Editing Permissions for more information.
You can also set permissions for the share from the Shares screen by selecting the share, then selecting the option to Edit Filesystem ACL for SMB, or set up NFS share permissions from the Add NFS share screen.
To create a dataset while adding the share, see Setting Up Sharing which covers the process of setting up the share and creating the dataset at the same time from the Shares screen.
See Manage SMB Shares or Manage NFS Shares for more information on adding and managing SMB or NFS shares.
Taking the Next Step
After you finish creating your initial pool and the datasets or zvols, you can continue building and organizing your TrueNAS pools and datasets or move on to configuring how the system shares data.
If you do not plan to set up data sharing, you can set up backup solutions for your system and stored data.
6.4 - Setting Up Data Sharing
Provides general information on setting up basic data sharing on TrueNAS SCALE.
After setting up storage on your TrueNAS, it is time to begin sharing data!
There are several sharing solutions available on SCALE, but in this article we discuss the options to create the share and dataset from the Shares screens.
When creating a share, do not attempt to set up the root or pool-level dataset for the share.
Instead, create a new dataset under the pool-level dataset for the share.
Setting up a share using the root dataset leads to storage configuration issues.
Sharing Data Methods
TrueNAS SCALE provides three types of sharing methods:
SMB for Windows shares
NFS for Unix-like shares
ISCSi block shares
For more information on TrueNAS SCALE shares, see the Shares tutorials.
Regardless of what type of share you create, you need to create the user and dataset for the share.
Creating Share Users
Share users have permissions to access the share. You can create the user before or after you create the share.
Administrators can provision share users using a directory server such as Active Directory or LDAP.
The administration user can create a limited administration user with only the ability to manage shares.
See Using Administration Logins for more information on administration roles.
To add non-SMB share users or edit users, go to Credentials > Local Users to add or edit the user(s).
Click Add to create a new or as many new user accounts as you need.
Enter the values in each required field, verify Samba Authentication is selected for SMB share users, then click Save.
For more information on the fields and adding users, see Creating User Accounts.
By default, all new local users are members of a built-in group called builtin_users.
You can use a group to grant access to all local users on the server or add more groups to fine-tune permissions for large numbers of users.
Why not just allow anonymous access to the share?
Anonymous or guest access to a share is possible, but it is a security vulnerability and not recommended for Enterprise or systems with more than one share administrator account.
Using a guest account also increases the likelihood of unauthorized users gaining access to your data.
After creating the share user account(s), next create the share and dataset.
For iSCSI shares, create the dataset then the share.
You can create an SMB or NFS share while creating the dataset or create the dataset while creating the share.
This article provides instructions on creating the share and adding the dataset from Shares screens.
TrueNAS must be joined to Active Directory or have at least one local SMB user before creating an SMB share. When creating an SMB user, ensure that Samba Authentication is enabled.
You cannot access SMB shares using the root user, TrueNAS built-in user accounts, or those without Samba Authentication selected.
To set up a basic SMB share from the Add SMB screen:
Create the share and dataset.
a. Go to Shares, then click Add on the Windows (SMB) Shares widget to open the Add SMB configuration screen.
b. Populate the Path screen by either selecting the path to an existing dataset mount path, or entering the path to the dataset location.
You can use an existing dataset or create a new dataset.
To browse to the location, click on the to the left of mnt, and then at the pool to expand the options.
Continue expanding until reaching the storage location of the existing dataset or where you want to create a new dataset for the share.
Click on the exiting dataset to populate the field with the full path, or click Create Dataset to enter a name for a new dataset and the share.
Click the arrow to the left of the folder icon to expand that folder and show any child datasets and directories.
A solid folder icon shows for datasets and an outlined folder for directories.
A selected dataset or directory folder and name shows in blue.
Clicking Create Dataset opens the Create Dataset dialog. Enter a name and then click Create.
The system creates the share and dataset, and populates both the Path and share Name fields with the name given the dataset.
The dataset name becomes the share name.
c. (Optional) Customize the share properties.
You can make changes to any share using the Advanced Options option.
For example, to turn on auditing, click Enable to set up audit logging.
d. Click Save. TrueNAS creates the share and the dataset.
e. Start the SMB service when prompted, or select the option to start the service if not prompted.
Edit the SMB share permissions to set the share owner and/or group. You can edit access permissions at the share or dataset level.
a. Click on shareEdit Share ACL icon to open the Edit Share ACL screen.
b. Select either User in Who, then the user name in User, and then set the permission level using Permissions and Type.
c. (Optional) Click Add then select Group, then the group name, and set the group permissions.
d. Click Save.
Edit the dataset for the SMB share permissions to set the share owner and/or group.
You can edit share dataset permissions from either the Shares or Datasets screen. This step covers editing permissions from the Shares screen.
a. Click on shareEdit Fileshsystem ACL icon to open the Edit ACL screen for the dataset.
b. Select the Owner and Group and click Apply Owner and Apply Group.
With Who set to Owner, set the permission level using Permissions and Type.
c. Click Save. TrueNAS creates the share and the dataset.
As of SCALE 22.12 (Bluefin) and later, TrueNAS does not support SMB client operating systems that are labeled by their vendor as End of Life or End of Support.
This means MS-DOS (including Windows 98) clients, among others, cannot connect to TrueNAS SCALE SMB servers.
The upstream Samba project that TrueNAS uses for SMB features notes in the 4.11 release that the SMB1 protocol is deprecated and warns portions of the protocol might be further removed in future releases.
Administrators should work to phase out any clients using the SMB1 protocol from their environments.
d. Start the share service when prompted.
Connect to the share. On a Windows 10 or later system, open the File Browsers and then:
a. Enter \\ followed by the TrueNAS system name or IP address in the navigation bar. A login credentials dialog displays.
b. Enter the TrueNAS user account credentials created on the TrueNAS system.
You can create an NFS share from either the Add Dataset screen while creating the dataset, or from the Add NFS share screen. Both options allow creating the dataset and the share at the same time.
To set up NFS sharing from the Add NFS screen:
Add additional packages like nfs-common to any client systems that require them.
Create the NFS share and dataset.
a. Go to Shares, then click Add on the UNIX (NFS) Share Targets to open the Add NFS configuration screen.
b. Populate the Path screen by either selecting the path to an existing dataset mount path, or entering the path to the dataset location.
You can use an existing dataset or create a new dataset.
To browse to the location, click on the to the left of mnt, and then at the pool to expand the options.
Continue expanding until reaching the storage location of the existing dataset or where you want to create a new dataset for the share.
Click on the exiting dataset to populate the field with the full path, or click Create Dataset to enter a name for a new dataset and the share.
Click the arrow to the left of the folder icon to expand that folder and show any child datasets and directories.
A solid folder icon shows for datasets and an outlined folder for directories.
A selected dataset or directory folder and name shows in blue.
Clicking Create Dataset opens the Create Dataset dialog. Enter a name and then click Create.
The system creates the share and dataset, and populates both the Path and share Name fields with the name given the dataset.
The dataset name becomes the share name.
c. (Optional) Customize the share properties.
You can make changes to any share using the Advanced Options option.
For example, mapping users or groups, click Enable to set up audit logging.
d. Click Save. TrueNAS creates the share and the dataset.
e. Start the NFS service when prompted, or select the option to start the service if not prompted.
Access the dataset.
On a Unix-like system, open a command line and enter command showmount -e {IPADDRESS} where {IPADDRESS} is your TrueNAS system IP address.
tmoore@ChimaeraPrime:~$ showmount -e 10.238.15.194
Export list for 10.238.15.194:
/mnt/pool1/testds (everyone)
Make a local directory for the NFS mount. Enter command sudo mkdir nfstemp/.
tmoore@ChimaeraPrime:~$ sudo mkdir nfstemp/
Mount the shared directory.
Enter command sudo mount -t nfs {IPADDRESS:dataset path} where {IPADDRESS} is your system IP address and {:dataset path} is the full path displayed in step 3.b. above.
tmoore@ChimaeraPrime:~$ sudo mount -t nfs 10.238.15.194:/mnt/pool1/testds nfstemp/
From here, cd into the local directory and view or modify the files as needed.
Setting up an iSCSI Block Share
Setting up block sharing is a complicated scenario that requires detailed configuration steps and knowledge of your network environment.
A simple configuration is beyond the scope of this getting started guide, but detailed articles are available in the SCALE Tutorials section.
With simple sharing now set up, you can back up your configuration and set up data backup.
6.5 - Backing Up TrueNAS
Provides general information and instructions on setting up data storage backup solutions, saving the system configuration and initial system debug files, and creating a boot environment.
After configuring your TrueNAS storage and data sharing or any other function, service, or application, it is time to ensure an effective data backup.
You should also set up a data storage backup method using either a cloud sync or replication task.
Backing Up TrueNAS Storage Data
TrueNAS provides for data backup through cloud sync or replication.
Using Cloud Sync for Data Backup
Cloud sync requires an account with a cloud storage provider and a storage location created with that provider, like an Amazon S3 bucket.
SCALE supports major providers like Storj, Amazon S3, Google Cloud, Box, and Microsoft Azure, along with a variety of other vendors.
These providers can charge fees for data transfer and storage, so please review the policies of your cloud storage provider before transferring your data.
You can configure TrueNAS to send, receive, or synchronize data with a cloud storage provider.
The simplest way to set up a cloud sync task is using an iX-Storj account.
Cloud Sync Quickstart with a Storj Account
Create an iX Storj account and link to TrueNAS.
From the TrueNAS Dashboard, find the Backup Tasks widget and click Cloud Sync to Storj or similar provider.
Open the Credentials dropdown and select Add New.
The Storj iX provider is preselected.
Click Signup for account to open a browser tab, then register, select a plan, and activate an iX-Storj Account.
After creating the iX-Storj account, log in to the Storj portal, create a new bucket, and create new S3 access credentials (details).
When the new S3 Credentials are created, download the Access Key and Secret Key and paste each string into the TrueNAS Access Key ID and Secret Access Key fields, respectively.
Click Save.
Define the backup targets and schedule.
In the TrueNAS Cloud sync task wizard, review the fields in the What and When section (details).
Select the created Storj Bucket before choosing a Folder.
There are several predefined Schedules to choose from, or you can select Custom to define your own.
Click Save.
See Adding Cloud Credentials for information on connecting TrueNAS SCALE to other cloud storage providers.
Using Replication for Data Backup
Replication is the process of taking a moment-in-time snapshot of data and then copying that snapshot to another location.
Snapshots typically use less storage than full file backups and have more management options.
Click here for basic instructions
To create a simple replication task with the TrueNAS replication wizard:
Create a periodic snapshot task using the Periodic Snapshot Task or use the Run Once replication schedule option.
If scheduling a task, SCALE creates the periodic snapshot task when it runs the replication task according to the scheduled time.
Create the replication task.
Go to Data Protection and click Add on the Replication Tasks widget. The Replication Task Wizard opens on the What and Where configuration screen.
Select both the Source Location and Destination Location using the dropdown list options.
You can back up your data on the same system or a different system.
If you select A different system you must have an SSH connection. Have your destination and source information ready.
Next, enter the Source and Destination paths. To populate the field with the full path, you can either type the full path to the data you want to back up or click on the caret to the left of mnt and at the pool and dataset levels to expand the options. Click on the dataset and/or the file if you want to narrow backup down to that level.
The task name populates from the values in Source and Destination. Click Next.
Define when you want this task to occur.
Select the radio button for Run On a Schedule and select the schedule you want to use. Or select Run Once to run the task manually.
If using this option you must have a periodic snapshot task already defined. If running on a schedule, you don’t have to have a pre-defined snapshot task.
Select the radio button to specify the destination snapshot lifetime.
Click START REPLICATION. The task appears on the Replication Tasks widget with the status PENDING.
You can monitor created backup tasks from the Dashboard widget.
Backing Up the System Configuration
Now that you configured your system network, storage, and the data shares you want, and you have set up your data backup solution, it is time to back up your system configuration.
Click here for instructions
When you download the configuration file, you have the option to Export Password Secret Seed, which includes encrypted passwords in the configuration file.
This allows you to restore the configuration file to a different operating system device where the decryption seed is not already present.
Users must physically secure configuration backups containing the seed to prevent unauthorized access or password decryption.
We recommend backing up the system configuration regularly.
Doing so preserves settings when migrating, restoring, or fixing the system if it runs into any issues.
Save the configuration file each time the system configuration changes.
Go to System Settings > General and click on Manage Configuration.
Select Download File.
The Save Configuration dialog displays.
Click Export Password Secret Seed and then click Save. The system downloads the system configuration. Save this file in a safe location on your network where files are regularly backed up.
Anytime you change your system configuration, download the system configuration file again and keep it safe.
Downloading the Initial System Debug File
After saving the system configuration, go to System Settings > Advanced and click Save Debug. After the download completes, save this initial debug file with your system configuration file.
Create a Boot Environment
After installing and completing your SCALE system configuration, create a boot environment to use as a restore point.
If an issue occurs where you lose access to the SCALE UI, you can establish an SSH session and restore it from the boot environment.
You can clone the boot environment listed after the initial-install environment and rename the clone to something you recognize, such as the release number with date and time.
6.6 - Configuring Virtualization and Apps in TrueNAS SCALE
Provides general information on setting up virtual machines and applications on TrueNAS SCALE.
Configuring TrueNAS SCALE to work with virtualized features, such as virtual machines (VMs) and applications, is part of the setup process that, when optimized, takes advantage of the network storage capabilities that SCALE offers.
Before You Begin
This article assumes that you have the latest release version of TrueNAS SCALE installed on your system.
The following steps are a list of configuration prerequisites you have completed and are familiar with before beginning VM and application installations.
Network Configuration
The primary network interface is configured as part of the SCALE installation process.
Go to Network > Global Configuration screen in the TrueNAS web UI to determine if the default gateway, host name, domain, and DNS name servers have been configured correctly.
See Console Setup Menu Configuration for more information on network settings.
VLAN Configuration (Optional)
You can configure a virtual LAN (VLAN) to route traffic for your VMs.
VLAN benefits include the reduction of broadcast traffic and the ability to group resources in different physical locations into a broadcast domain.
VLANs virtually segment a network.
Different VLANs can communicate with each other using layer 3 devices.
See Setting Up a Network VLAN for more information on creating virtual LANs (VLAN).
Storage Configuration
Storage pool creation is part of the initial process of setting up storage for SCALE.
A TrueNAS dataset is a file system within a data storage pool.
See Setting Up Storage to review storage pool creation and Adding and Managing Datasets for information on dataset configuration.
Shares Configuration
After creating the pool and datasets, set up shares to enable data access.
Different types of data sharing methods are discussed in Setting Up Data Sharing.
You should investigate more specific coverage of each share based on your use case.
See Adding NFS Shares for information on creating a basic NFS share.
Adjust access permissions using the advanced options.
Directory Services Configuration
Certain directory services must be set up as part of SMB and NFS share configuration.
See Active Directory Screen for a better understanding of how to configure Active Directory and Configuring Kerberos for an outline of required Kerberos information.
For LDAP best practices see Configuring LDAP.
Virtualization Configuration
To run a virtual machine (VM), hardware requirements include an x86 machine running a recent Linux kernel using either an Intel processor with VT extensions or an AMD processor with SVM extensions (AMD-V).
To install a VM on SCALE, first research the minimum and recommended specifications for the OS you plan to use and your full use case for that VM.
Allocating too many resources to a VM can cause performance on the TrueNAS SCALE system to suffer. We recommend you plan for and ensure your SCALE system has the resources to run itself and a full VM deployment effectively.
Software requirements include an installer for the OS you intend to install on the VM.
A TrueNAS storage pool is required.
We recommend you create additional datasets beneath the storage pool to organize your VM data.
The first time you open the Applications screen, it displays an Apps Service Not Configured status on the screen header.
Click Settings > Choose Pool to choose a storage pool for Apps.
A storage pool for applications must be chosen before application installation can begin.
Select a pool with enough space for all the application containers you intend to use.
Set up a new dataset before installing your applications if you want to store your application data in a separate location from other storage on your system.
After an Apps storage pool is configured, the status changes to Apps Service Running.
For custom applications, Install Custom App details each field on the Install Custom App screen.
Before beginning a custom application installation, determine the following information:
Container host networking requirements, including host interface
IP address management: DHCP or static IP
DNS policy and nameservers
Container entrypoint (executables run when the container is started): commands or arguments
Container environment variables: names and values
Port forwarding
Storage: host path and mount path configuration
You can find additional options for configuring general network interfaces and IP addresses for application containers in Apps > Settings > Advanced Settings.
7 - Getting Support
Guides for getting assistance with TrueNAS SCALE issues.
About TrueNAS Support
TrueNAS Enterprise
Enterprise SCALE hardware customers with support contracts can contact iXsystems Support using either the Commercial Support option on the top header of the TrueNAS Documentation Hub website, or through one of the contact options listed below.
Contacting iXsystems Support
Customers who purchase iXsystems hardware or that want additional support must have a support contract to use iXsystems Support Services. The TrueNAS Community forums provides free support for users without an iXsystems Support contract.
TrueNAS SCALE users are welcome to report bugs, suggest new TrueNAS features, and vote for suggested improvements in the Jira project instance.
Have questions? We recommend searching through the software documentation and community resources for answers.
Non-Enterprise SCALE customers experiencing software bugs or instability can try to find answers in the various community forums, or they can file an issue ticket through the Jira ticket reporting system for TrueNAS (details).
When reporting an issue, download a system debug file taken immediately following the issue occurrence.
This captures the system configuration information and logs iXsystems needs to help resolve your issues.
How to download a debug file
On TrueNAS SCALE systems, go to System Settings > Advanced, then click Save Debug and wait for the file to download to your local system.
Generating the debug file might take a few minutes to complete. After that, it downloads to your system.
Upload this debug to the private attachments area using the link provided when you open a Jira ticket.
After uploading the file, link the attachment to the Jira ticket number before you click Save.
Support is also available through the TrueNAS community forums, blog, and Discord.
These options are accessible on the top header of the TrueNAS Documentation Hub website and from the links at the bottom of all articles.
Using the TrueNAS Community
The TrueNAS Community is an active online resource for asking questions, troubleshooting issues, and sharing information with other TrueNAS users.
You must register to post.
Community Resources are user-contributed articles about every facet of using TrueNAS.
They are organized into broad categories and incorporate a community rating system to better highlight content that the whole community has found helpful.
Using TrueNAS Social Media
You are always welcome to network with other TrueNAS users using the various social media platforms!
Provides information on using TrueNAS SCALE UI to file an issue ticket in Jira.
We encourage TrueNAS SCALE users to report bugs and to vote for or suggest new TrueNAS features in the project Jira instance.
You must have a Jira account to create a bug ticket.
If you encounter a bug or other issue while using TrueNAS SCALE, you can report issues in one of two ways:
Log into Jira and use Create to open a new ticket details.
Use the Send Feedback icon or File Ticket option on the System Settings > General screen to create a bug report in the TrueNAS Jira Project.
The web interface provides a form to report issues without logging out of SCALE.
The form prompts you to provide the information and attachments we need to assist users.
New Jira tickets are publicly viewable so it is possible to search the project first to see if another user already reported the issue.
Each Jira ticket sends a link to a private file attachment area to safeguard user personal and private data.
We encourage users to use the link in the automated report response to keep the debug file secure and restrict access to only those that require the information to diagnose the cause of the issue reported.
If the attached files do not require privacy, attach them to the Jira ticket.
All incoming tickets are triaged.
If private files are attached to a new ticket, the ticket or files can be made private at that time.
System debugs contain log files which can include personal information such as usernames, and other identifying information about your system such as networking configuration, device serial numbers, etc.
Users can use a file archiver utility, such as 7-Zip File Manager, to open compressed debug archives and review log contents.
Redact any personal data you have concerns about sharing and save the debug file before attaching and linking it to a Jira ticket in the TrueNAS project.
Using the Send Feedback Window
The Send Feedback icon opens a feedback window.
Alternately, go to System Settings > General, find the Support widget, and click File Ticket to see the feedback window.
The feedback window allows users to send page ratings, comments, and report issues or suggest improvements directly to the TrueNAS development team.
Submitting a bug report requires a free Atlassian account.
Click between the tabs at the top of the window to see options for your specific feedback.
Rate this page
Use the Rate this page tab to quickly review and provide comments on the currently active TrueNAS user interface screen.
You can include a screenshot of the current page and/or upload additional images with your comments.Report a bug
Use the Report a bug tab to notify the development team when a TrueNAS screen or feature is not working as intended.
For example, report a bug when a middleware error and traceback appears while saving a configuration change.
Enter a descriptive summary in the Subject.
TrueNAS can show a list of existing Jira tickets with similar summaries.
When there is an existing ticket about the issue, consider clicking on that ticket and leaving a comment instead of creating a new one.
Duplicate tickets are closed in favor of consolidating feedback into one report.
Enter details about the issue in the Message.
Keep the details concise and focused on how to reproduce the issue, what the expected result of the action is, and what the actual result of the action was.
This helps ensure a speedy ticket resolution.
Include system debug and screenshot files to also speed up the issue resolution.
Bug Reports from Enterprise Licensed Systems
TrueNAS Enterprise
When an Enterprise license is applied to the system, the Report a bug tab has additional environment and contact information fields for sending bug reports directly to iXsystems.
Filling out the entire form with precise details and accurate contact information ensures a prompt response from the iXsystems Customer Support team.
Making Feature Suggestions
Want to see a new feature added to TrueNAS?
You can see and vote for community-proposed features in the TrueNAS Community Forum Feature Requests category.
This is the place to suggest improvements and feature functionality to be considered for addition to the TrueNAS development roadmap.
Submitting and Voting for Requests
A TrueNAS forums account is required to submit or vote for feature suggestions.
To submit a new feature request, click New Topic in the top right of any forum screen
Enter a title that describes the requested improvement or new functionality.
Change the category tag to Feature Requests.
The body of the post populates a template.
Describe the Problem/Justification, Impact, and provide User Story for your request.
Click Create Topic to submit the request.
Each forum user can cast a limited number of votes for items at any given time.
The higher your trust level, the more votes you can cast.
The number of votes based on trust level is as follows:
Trust Level
Votes
0
2
1
4
2
6
3
8
4
10
Votes on a topic are kept until either you remove the vote manually or the topic is closed.
Topics are closed periodically after they are reviewed and either accepted or rejected based on their merit and feasibility.
What is a good feature request?
Before creating a new feature request, it is important to take some time to think through the implementation and user story.
A good feature request includes details about the functionality requested, if it involves a UI component, and a detailed user story describing how a TrueNAS user might interact with the proposed feature.
What is a bad feature request?
Items which are completely unrealistic (i.e. Can you base TrueNAS on Windows) or feature requests which are outside of the scope of typical NAS functionality (i.e. I want a full desktop with Gnome on TrueNAS).
8 - User Agreements
Legal statements about using TrueNAS SCALE and other general software notices.
PLEASE CAREFULLY READ THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (EULA) BEFORE CLICKING THE AGREE BUTTON. THIS AGREEMENT SERVES AS A LEGALLY BINDING DOCUMENT BETWEEN YOU AND IXSYSTEMS, INC. BY CLICKING THE AGREE BUTTON, DOWNLOADING, INSTALLING, OR OTHERWISE USING TRUENAS SCALE SOFTWARE, YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT). IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN THIS AGREEMENT, DO NOT USE OR INSTALL TRUENAS SCALE SOFTWARE.
This agreement is provided in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA Rules”) under confidential binding arbitration held in Santa Clara County, California. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitration under this EULA will be joined to an arbitration involving any other party subject to this EULA, whether through class arbitration proceedings or otherwise. Any litigation relating to this EULA shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of the Northern District of California and the state courts of the State of California, with venue lying in Santa Clara County, California. All matters arising out of or relating to this agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of California without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule.
1.0 Definitions
1.1 “Company”, “iXsystems” and “iX” means iXsystems, Inc., on behalf of themselves, subsidiaries, and affiliates under common control.
1.2 “TrueNAS SCALE Software” means the TrueNAS SCALE storage management software.
1.3 “TrueNAS Device” means the TrueNAS storage appliances and peripheral equipment provided by iXsystems or a third party.
1.4 “Product” means, individually and collectively, the TrueNAS SCALE Software and the TrueNAS Device provided by iXsystems.
1.5 “Open Source Software” means various open source software components licensed under the terms of applicable open source license agreements, each of which has its own copyright and its own applicable license terms.
1.6 “Licensee”, “You” and “Your” refers to the person, organization, or entity that has agreed to be bound by this EULA including any employees, affiliates, and third party contractors that provide services to You.
1.7 “Agreement” refers to this document, the TrueNAS End User License Agreement.
2.0 License
Subject to the terms set forth in this Agreement, iXsystems grants You a non-exclusive, non-transferable, perpetual, limited license without the option to sublicense, to use TrueNAS SCALE Software on Your TrueNAS Device(s). This use includes but is not limited to using or viewing the instructions, specifications, and documentation provided with the Product.
TrueNAS SCALE software is made available as Open Source Software, subject to the license conditions contained within that Open Source Software.
3.0 License Restrictions
TrueNAS SCALE Software is authorized for use on any TrueNAS Device. TrueNAS Devices can include hardware provided by iXsystems or third parties. TrueNAS Devices may also include virtual machines and cloud instances. TrueNAS SCALE software may not be commercially distributed or sold without an addendum license agreement and express written consent from iXsystems. .
The TrueNAS SCALE Software is protected by copyright laws and international treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws, statutes, and treaties. The TrueNAS SCALE Software is licensed, not sold to You, the end user. You do not acquire any ownership interest in the TrueNAS SCALE Software, or any other rights to the TrueNAS SCALE Software, other than to use the TrueNAS SCALE Software in accordance with the license granted under this Agreement, subject to all terms, conditions, and restrictions. iXsystems reserves and shall retain its entire right, title, and interest in and to the TrueNAS SCALE Software, and all intellectual property rights arising out of or relating to the TrueNAS SCALE Software, subject to the license expressly granted to You in this Agreement.
The TrueNAS SCALE Software may contain iXsystems’ proprietary trademarks and collateral. By agreeing to this license agreement for TrueNAS SCALE, You agree to use reasonable efforts to safeguard iXsystems’ intellectual property and hereby agree to not use or distribute iXsystems’ proprietary intellectual property and collateral commercially without the express written consent of iXsystems. Official iXsystems Channel Partners are authorized to use and distribute iXsystems’ intellectual property through an addendum to this license agreement.
By accepting this Agreement, You are responsible and liable for all uses of the Product through access thereto provided by You, directly or indirectly.
The TrueNAS SCALE software includes Open Source components and some proprietary extensions which are available through additional licences You agree to not alter the source code to take advantage of the proprietary extensions without a license to those proprietary extensions, including the TrueNAS Enterprise features sets.
4.0 General
4.1 Entire Agreement - This Agreement, together with any associated purchase order, service level agreement, and all other documents and policies referenced herein, constitutes the entire and only agreement between You and iXsystems for use of the TrueNAS SCALE Software and all other prior negotiations, representations, agreements, and understandings are superseded hereby. No agreements altering or supplementing the terms hereof may be made except by means of a written document signed by Your duly authorized representatives and those of iXsystems.
4.2 Waiver and Modification - No failure of either party to exercise or enforce any of its rights under this EULA will act as a waiver of those rights. This EULA may only be modified, or any rights under it waived, by a written document executed by the party against which it is asserted.
4.3. Severability - If any provision of this EULA is found illegal or unenforceable, it will be enforced to the maximum extent permissible, and the legality and enforceability of the other provisions of this EULA will not be affected.
4.4 United States Government End Users - For any TrueNAS SCALE Software licensed directly or indirectly on behalf of a unit or agency of the United States Government, this paragraph applies. Company’s proprietary software embodied in the Product: (a) was developed at private expense and is in all respects Company’s proprietary information; (b) was not developed with government funds; (c) is Company’s trade secret for all purposes of the Freedom of Information Act; (d) is a commercial item and thus, pursuant to Section 12.212 of the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and DFAR Supplement Section 227.7202, Government’s use, duplication or disclosure of such software is subject to the restrictions set forth by the Company and Licensee shall receive only those rights with respect to the Product as are granted to all other end users.
4.5 Title - iXsystems retains all rights, titles, and interest in TrueNAS SCALE Software and all related copyrights, trade secrets, patents, trademarks, and any other intellectual and industrial property and proprietary rights, including registrations, applications, registration keys, renewals, and extensions of such rights.
Contact Information - If You have any questions about this Agreement, or if You want to contact iXsystems for any reason, please email legal@ixsystems.com.
4.6 Maintenance and Support - You may be entitled to support services from iXsystems after purchasing a Product or a support contract. iXsystems will provide these support services based on the length of time of the purchased support contract. This maintenance and support is only valid for the length of time that You have purchased with Your Product. iXsystems may from time to time and at their sole discretion vary the terms and conditions of the maintenance and support agreement based on different business environmental and personnel factors. Any variations will be notified via email and the support portal. For more information on our Maintenance and Support contract, refer to https://www.ixsystems.com/support/.
4.7 Force Majeure - iXsystems will not be deemed to be in default of any of the provisions of this Agreement or be liable for any delay or failure in performance due to Force Majeure, which shall include without limitation acts of God, earthquake, weather conditions, labor disputes, changes in law, regulation or government policy, riots, war, fire, epidemics, acts or omissions of vendors or suppliers, equipment failures, transportation difficulties, malicious or criminal acts of third parties, or other occurrences which are beyond iXsystems’ reasonable control.
4.8 Termination - iXsystems may cease any and all support, services, or maintenance under this Agreement without prior notice, or liability, and for any reason whatsoever, without limitation, if any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement are breached. Other provisions of this Agreement will survive termination including, without limitation, ownership provisions, warranty disclaimers, indemnity, and limitations of liability.
4.9 Open Source Software Components - iXsystems uses Open Source Software components in the development of the TrueNAS SCALE Software. Open Source Software components that are used in the TrueNAS SCALE Software are composed of separate components each having their own trademarks, copyrights, and license conditions.
4.10 Assignment - Licensee shall not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights, or delegate or otherwise transfer any of its obligations or performance, under this Agreement, in each case whether voluntarily, involuntarily, by operation of law, or otherwise, without iXsystems’ prior written consent. No delegation or other transfer will relieve Licensee of any of its obligations or performance under this Agreement. Any purported assignment, delegation, or transfer in violation of this Section is void. iXsystems may freely assign or otherwise transfer all or any of its rights, or delegate or otherwise transfer all or any of its obligations or performance, under this Agreement without Licensee’s consent. This Agreement is binding upon and inures to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns.
5.0 Export Control Regulations
“The Product may be subject to export control laws. You shall not, directly or indirectly, export, re-export, or release the Product to, or make the Product accessible from, any jurisdiction or country to which export, re-export, or release is prohibited by law, rule, or regulation. You shall comply with all applicable laws, regulations, and rules, and complete all required undertakings (including obtaining any necessary export license or other governmental approval).”
6.0 Data Collection and Privacy
TrueNAS SCALE Software may collect non-sensitive system information relating to Your use of the Product, including information that has been provided directly or indirectly through automated means. Usage of TrueNAS SCALE Software, device status and system configuration are allowed according to iXsystems’ privacy policy.
TrueNAS SCALE Software will not collect sensitive User information including email addresses, names of systems, pools, datasets, folders, files, credentials.
By accepting this Agreement and continuing to use the Product, you agree that iXsystems may use any information provided through direct or indirect means in accordance with our privacy policy and as permitted by applicable law, for purposes relating to management, compliance, marketing, support, security, update delivery, and product improvement.
7.0 Limitation of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty
THE PRODUCT IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITH ALL FAULTS AND DEFECTS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, IXSYSTEMS, ON ITS OWN BEHALF AND ON BEHALF OF ITS AFFILIATES AND ITS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE LICENSORS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS, EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT, AND WARRANTIES THAT MAY ARISE OUT OF COURSE OF DEALING, COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. WITHOUT LIMITATION TO THE FOREGOING, IXSYSTEMS PROVIDES NO WARRANTY OR UNDERTAKING, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OF ANY KIND THAT THE PRODUCT WILL MEET THE LICENSEE’S REQUIREMENTS, ACHIEVE ANY INTENDED RESULTS, BE COMPATIBLE, OR WORK WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE, APPLICATIONS, SYSTEMS, OR SERVICES, OPERATE WITHOUT INTERRUPTION, MEET ANY PERFORMANCE OR RELIABILITY STANDARDS OR BE ERROR FREE, OR THAT ANY ERRORS OR DEFECTS CAN OR WILL BE CORRECTED.
TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW: (A) IN NO EVENT WILL IXSYSTEMS OR ITS AFFILIATES, OR ANY OF ITS OR THEIR RESPECTIVE LICENSORS OR SERVICE PROVIDERS, BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE, LICENSEE’S AFFILIATES, OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY USE, INTERRUPTION, DELAY, OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT; LOST REVENUES OR PROFITS; DELAYS, INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF SERVICES, BUSINESS, OR GOODWILL; LOSS OR CORRUPTION OF DATA; LOSS RESULTING FROM SYSTEM OR SYSTEM SERVICE FAILURE, MALFUNCTION, OR SHUTDOWN; FAILURE TO ACCURATELY TRANSFER, READ, OR TRANSMIT INFORMATION; FAILURE TO UPDATE OR PROVIDE CORRECT INFORMATION; SYSTEM INCOMPATIBILITY OR PROVISION OF INCORRECT COMPATIBILITY INFORMATION; OR BREACHES IN SYSTEM SECURITY; OR FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, WHETHER ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR OTHERWISE, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGES WERE FORESEEABLE AND WHETHER OR NOT IXSYSTEMS WAS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES; (B) IN NO EVENT WILL IXSYSTEMS’ AND ITS AFFILIATES’, INCLUDING ANY OF ITS OR THEIR RESPECTIVE LICENSORS’ AND SERVICE PROVIDERS’, COLLECTIVE AGGREGATE LIABILITY UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ITS SUBJECT MATTER, UNDER ANY LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY, INCLUDING BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, AND OTHERWISE, EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID TO IXSYSTEMS PURSUANT TO THIS AGREEMENT FOR THE PRODUCT THAT IS THE SUBJECT OF THE CLAIM; (C) THE LIMITATIONS SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION SHALL APPLY EVEN IF THE LICENSEE’S REMEDIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FAIL OF THEIR ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.
You hereby acknowledge that you have read and understand this Agreement and voluntarily accept the duties and obligations set forth herein by clicking accept on this Agreement.
8.2 - Software Development Life Cycle
Notice about the typical development timeframe and end of life expectations for TrueNAS SCALE major versions.
The TrueNAS Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the process of planning, creating, testing, deploying, and maintaining TrueNAS releases.
Determine the objectives, nature, and scope of future versions of the software.
Requirement Analysis involves gathering feedback and interpreting customer needs and requirements, diagnosing existing problems, and weighing the pros and cons of potential solutions.
The end result is a list of recommended improvements to be integrated into future versions of TrueNAS.
Required and planned changes are investigated in detail and development steps are determined.
Proposed alterations are reviewed by peers for completeness, correctness, and proper coding style.
TrueNAS developers then begin altering the software to include new features, resolve software bugs, or implement security improvements.
Code is integrated into the existing TrueNAS source tree, then built and tested by the Release Engineering (RE) department.
RE verifies that all requirements and objectives are properly met and the updated software is reliable and fault-tolerant according to the determined requirements.
If issues are found, code is reworked to meet the development requirements.
Simultaneously, a security evaluation of the TrueNAS code is completed, with any discovered issues sent to the engineering team for resolution.
The Validation and Documentation Team audits all development changes to the software and resolves any inconsistencies with the current software documentation.
This is to verify that end user documentation is as accurate as possible.
Any security notices, errata, or best practices are also drafted for inclusion on the TrueNAS Security website.
The new release of TrueNAS is evaluated to determine further feature development, bug fixes, or security vulnerability patches.
During this stage, security patches and software erratum are corrected, updated versions of existing branches are pushed, and feedback is solicited for future versions of the software.
SDLC Application
The TrueNAS SDLC applies to the latest two release branches.
As new releases are created for TrueNAS, the oldest TrueNAS release branch is dropped out of the SDLC and labeled as End of Life (EoL).
For example, TrueNAS/FreeNAS 11.3 and TrueNAS 12.0 were in active development under the SDLC in August 2020.
In early 2021, TrueNAS Core/Enterprise 12.0 and 13.0 branches were in active development under the SDLC.
These versions of the software are in active development and maintenance.
We encourage users to actively keep their software updated to an active development version to continue to receive security patches and other software improvements.
The Software Status page shows the latest recommendations for using the various TrueNAS software releases.
TrueNAS Quality Lifecycle
TrueNAS releases follow a general adoption guideline for their lifetime.
Starting with the NIGHTLY builds, each stage of a major release incorporates more testing cycles and bug fixes that represent a maturation of the release.
With each version release stage, users are encouraged to install, upgrade, or otherwise begin using the major version, depending on the specific TrueNAS deployment and use case:
Release Stage
Completed QA Cycles
Typical Use
Description
NIGHTLY
0
Developers
Incomplete
ALPHA
1
Testers
Not much field testing
BETA
2
Enthusiasts
Major Feature Complete, but expect some bugs
RC
4
Home Users
Suitable for non-critical deployments
RELEASE
6
General Use
Suitable for less complex deployments
U1
7
Business Use
Suitable for more complex deployments
U2+
8
Larger Systems
Suitable for higher uptime deployments
8.3 - TrueNAS Data Collection Statement
iXsystems, Inc. statement about non-sensitive anonymous data collection.
TrueNAS collects non-sensitive system data and relays the data to a collector managed by iXsystems.
This system data collection is enabled by default and can be disabled in the web interface under System Settings > General > GUI Settings > Usage collection.
When disabled, no information about system configuration and usage is collected.
The system capacity and software version is still collected.
The protocol for system data collection uses the same TCP ports as HTTPS (443) and passes through most firewalls as an outgoing web connection.
If a firewall blocks the data collection or the data collection is disabled, there is no adverse impact to the TrueNAS system.
Non-sensitive system data is used to identify the quality and operational trends in the fleet of TrueNAS systems used by the entire community.
The collected data helps iXsystems identify issues, plan for new features, and determine where to invest resources for future software enhancements.
The non-sensitive system data collected is clearly differentiated from sensitive user data that is explicitly not collected by TrueNAS.
This table describes the differences:
Sensitive User Data (NOT COLLECTED)
Non-Sensitive System Data (Optionally Collected)
Description
Any data that includes user identity or business information
Data that only includes information about the TrueNAS system and its operation
Frequency
NEVER
Daily
Examples
Usernames, passwords, email addresses
Anonymous hardware inventory, faults, statistics, Pool configuration
User-created System and dataset names
Software versions, firmware versions
Directory, files names, user data
Services and features enabled, Usage and Performance statistics
TrueNAS Enterprise
icon opens a feedback window.
Alternately, go to System Settings > General, find the Support widget, and click File Ticket to see the feedback window.
icon lets users sign up with and connect to 
