Self-Encrypting Drives

TrueNAS version 11.1-U5 introduced Self-Encrypting Drive (SED) support.

• Legacy interface for older ATA devices. Not recommended for security-critical environments.
• TCG Opal 1 legacy specification.
• TCG OPAL 2 standard for newer consumer-grade devices.
• TCG Opalite is a reduced form of OPAL 2.
• TCG Pyrite Version 1 and Version 2 are similar to Opalite, but hardware encryption is removed. Pyrite provides a logical equivalent of the legacy ATA security for non-ATA devices. Only the drive firmware is used to protect the device.

  Pyrite Version 1 SEDs do not have PSID support and can become unusable if the password is lost.

• TCG Enterprise is designed for systems with many data disks. These SEDs do not have the functionality to be unlocked before the operating system boots.

See this Trusted Computing Group and NVM Express® joint white paper for more details about these specifications.

TrueNAS implements the security capabilities of camcontrol for legacy devices and sedutil-cli for TCG devices. When managing a SED from the command line, it is recommended to use the sedhelper wrapper script for sedutil-cli to ease SED administration and unlock the full capabilities of the device. Examples of using these commands to identify and deploy SEDs are provided below.

A SED can be configured before or after assigning the device to a pool.

By default, SEDs are not locked until the administrator takes ownership of them. Ownership is taken by explicitly configuring a global or per-device password in the web interface and adding the password to the SEDs. Adding SED passwords in the web interface also allows TrueNAS to automatically unlock SEDs.

A password-protected SED protects the data stored on the device when the device is physically removed from the system. This allows secure disposal of the device without having to first wipe the contents. Repurposing a SED on another system requires the SED password.

Enter sedutil-cli --scan in the Shell to detect and list devices. The second column of the results identifies the drive type:

Example:

root@truenas1:~ # sedutil-cli --scan
Scanning for Opal compliant disks
/dev/ada0  No  32GB SATA Flash Drive SFDK003L
/dev/ada1  No  32GB SATA Flash Drive SFDK003L
/dev/da0   No  HGST    HUS726020AL4210  A7J0
/dev/da1   No  HGST    HUS726020AL4210  A7J0
/dev/da10    E WDC     WUSTR1519ASS201  B925
/dev/da11    E WDC     WUSTR1519ASS201  B925

TrueNAS supports setting a global password for all detected SEDs or setting individual passwords for each SED. Using a global password for all SEDs is strongly recommended to simplify deployment and avoid maintaining separate passwords for each SED.

Go to System > Advanced > SED Password and enter the password. Record this password and store it in a safe place!

Now the SEDs must be configured with this password. Go to the Shell and enter sedhelper setup <password>, where <password> is the global password entered in System > Advanced > SED Password.

sedhelper ensures that all detected SEDs are properly configured to use the provided password:

root@truenas1:~ # sedhelper setup abcd1234
da9                  [OK]
da10                 [OK]
da11                 [OK]

Rerun sedhelper setup <password> every time a new SED is placed in the system to apply the global password to the new SED.

Go to Storage > Disks. Click the three dot menu (Options) for the confirmed SED, then Edit. Enter and confirm the password in the SED Password and Confirm SED Password fields.

The Storage > Disks screen shows which disks have a configured SED password. The SED Password column shows a mark when the disk has a password. Disks that are not a SED or are unlocked using the global password are not marked in this column.

The SED must be configured to use the new password. Go to the Shell and enter sedhelper setup --disk <da1> <password>, where <da1> is the SED to configure and <password> is the created password from Storage > Disks > Edit Disks > SED Password.

This process must be repeated for each SED and any SEDs added to the system in the future.

Remember SED passwords! If the SED password is lost, SEDs cannot be unlocked and their data is unavailable. Always record SED passwords whenever they are configured or modified and store them in a secure place!

When SED devices are detected during system boot, TrueNAS checks for configured global and device-specific passwords.

Unlocking SEDs allows a pool to contain a mix of SED and non-SED devices. Devices with individual passwords are unlocked with their password. Devices without a device-specific password are unlocked using the global password.

To verify SED locking is working correctly, go to the Shell. Enter sedutil-cli --listLockingRange 0 <password> <dev/da1>, where <dev/da1> is the SED and <password> is the global or individual password for that SED. The command returns ReadLockEnabled: 1, WriteLockEnabled: 1, and LockOnReset: 1 for drives with locking enabled:

root@truenas1:~ # sedutil-cli --listLockingRange 0 abcd1234 /dev/da9
Band[0]:
    Name:            Global_Range
    CommonName:      Locking
    RangeStart:      0
    RangeLength:     0
    ReadLockEnabled: 1
    WriteLockEnabled:1
    ReadLocked:      0
    WriteLocked:     0
    LockOnReset:     1

This section contains command line instructions to manage SED passwords and data. The command used is sedutil-cli(8). Most SEDs are TCG-E (Enterprise) or TCG-Opal (Opal v2.0). Commands are different for the different drive types, so the first step is identifying which type is being used.

These commands can be destructive to data and passwords. Keep backups and use the commands with caution.

Check SED version on a single drive, /dev/da0 in this example:

root@truenas:~ # sedutil-cli --isValidSED /dev/da0
/dev/da0 SED --E--- Micron_5N/A U402

All connected disks can be checked at once:

root@truenas:~ # sedutil-cli --scan
Scanning for Opal compliant disks
/dev/ada0 No 32GB SATA Flash Drive SFDK003L
/dev/ada1 No 32GB SATA Flash Drive SFDK003L
/dev/da0 E Micron_5N/A U402
/dev/da1 E Micron_5N/A U402
/dev/da12 E SEAGATE XS3840TE70014 0103
/dev/da13 E SEAGATE XS3840TE70014 0103
/dev/da14 E SEAGATE XS3840TE70014 0103
/dev/da2 E Micron_5N/A U402
/dev/da3 E Micron_5N/A U402
/dev/da4 E Micron_5N/A U402
/dev/da5 E Micron_5N/A U402
/dev/da6 E Micron_5N/A U402
/dev/da9 E Micron_5N/A U402
No more disks present ending scan
root@truenas:~ #

sedutil-cli --setSIDPassword <oldpassword> <newpassword> </dev/device>
sedutil-cli --setPassword <oldpassword> Admin1 <newpassword> </dev/device>

sedutil-cli --setSIDPassword <oldpassword> "" </dev/device>
sedutil-cli --setPassword <oldpassword> EraseMaster "" </dev/device>
sedutil-cli --setPassword <oldpassword> BandMaster0 "" </dev/device>
sedutil-cli --setPassword <oldpassword> BandMaster1 "" </dev/device>

sedutil-cli --setSIDPassword <oldpassword* newpassword */dev/device*
sedutil-cli --setPassword <oldpassword> EraseMaster <newpassword> </dev/device>
sedutil-cli --setPassword <oldpassword> BandMaster0 <newpassword> </dev/device>
sedutil-cli --setPassword <oldpassword> BandMaster1 <newpassword> </dev/device>

sedutil-cli --eraseLockingRange 0 <password> </dev/device>
sedutil-cli --setSIDPassword <oldpassword> "" </dev/device>
sedutil-cli --setPassword <oldpassword> EraseMaster "" </dev/device>